Freedom of Information Act

E8206

The Freedom of Information Act is a U.S. law that grants the public the right to access records from federal government agencies, promoting transparency and accountability.


Statements (51)
Predicate Object
instanceOf United States federal law
freedom of information law
administeredBy U.S. Department of Justice Office of Information Policy
allows administrative appeals of adverse agency determinations
judicial review in federal court
recovery of attorneys’ fees for prevailing FOIA plaintiffs
amendedBy Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996
FOIA Improvement Act of 2016
Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1974
OPEN Government Act of 2007
appliesTo federal executive branch agencies
codifiedIn Title 5 of the United States Code
codifiedSection 5 U.S.C. § 552
contains nine exemptions from disclosure
three exclusions for law enforcement records
country United States
dateSigned 1966-07-04
defaultRule agency records are accessible unless exempt
doesNotApplyTo Congress
federal courts
state governments
effectiveDate 1967-07-04
enactedBy United States Congress
enforcementMechanism civil actions in U.S. district courts
exemption certain law enforcement records
geological and geophysical information concerning wells
information exempted by other statutes
information on regulation of financial institutions
inter-agency or intra-agency memoranda
internal agency rules and practices
national security information
personal privacy information
trade secrets and confidential commercial information
grantsRight right of access to federal agency records
influenced freedom of information legislation in other countries
state freedom of information laws in the United States
introducedConcept electronic reading rooms for frequently requested records
primaryPurpose to grant the public the right to access records from federal agencies
to promote government accountability
to promote government transparency
relatedTo Government in the Sunshine Act
Open Government laws
Privacy Act of 1974
requires agencies to conduct reasonable searches for requested records
agencies to respond to FOIA requests within statutory time limits
shortName FOIA
signedBy Lyndon B. Johnson
subjectTo presumption of openness in disclosure decisions
typicalUse academic research
journalistic investigations
public interest advocacy


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