Umayyad Emirate in exile

Target entity: Umayyad Emirate in exile
Context triple: [Emirate of Córdoba, precededBy, Umayyad Emirate in exile]

• A. Hamdanid Emirate
  The Hamdanid Emirate was a 10th-century Arab Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of northern Mesopotamia and Syria, noted for its military resistance against Byzantium and its patronage of Arabic literature and culture.
• B. Umayyad Caliphate
  The Umayyad Caliphate was an early Islamic empire (661–750 CE) that rapidly expanded from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia, establishing Arabic as an administrative language and shaping the political and cultural foundations of the Arab-Islamic world.
• C. Caliphate of Córdoba
  The Caliphate of Córdoba was a powerful medieval Islamic state centered in southern Spain that became a major political, economic, and cultural hub of the Western Mediterranean.
• D. Sultanate of Nejd
  The Sultanate of Nejd was a historical Arabian state in the central Arabian Peninsula that served as a precursor to the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• E. Danishmend Emirate
  The Danishmend Emirate was a medieval Turkish principality in Anatolia that emerged after the Battle of Manzikert and became a significant regional power rivaling the Seljuks in the 11th–12th centuries.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Umayyad Emirate in exile
Target entity description: The Umayyad Emirate in exile was the early political entity established by surviving members of the overthrown Umayyad dynasty who fled the Abbasid Revolution and laid the foundations for their later rule in al-Andalus.

• A. Hamdanid Emirate
  The Hamdanid Emirate was a 10th-century Arab Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of northern Mesopotamia and Syria, noted for its military resistance against Byzantium and its patronage of Arabic literature and culture.
• B. Umayyad Caliphate
  The Umayyad Caliphate was an early Islamic empire (661–750 CE) that rapidly expanded from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia, establishing Arabic as an administrative language and shaping the political and cultural foundations of the Arab-Islamic world.
• C. Caliphate of Córdoba
  The Caliphate of Córdoba was a powerful medieval Islamic state centered in southern Spain that became a major political, economic, and cultural hub of the Western Mediterranean.
• D. Sultanate of Nejd
  The Sultanate of Nejd was a historical Arabian state in the central Arabian Peninsula that served as a precursor to the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• E. Danishmend Emirate
  The Danishmend Emirate was a medieval Turkish principality in Anatolia that emerged after the Battle of Manzikert and became a significant regional power rivaling the Seljuks in the 11th–12th centuries.
• F. None of above. chosen