Greek fire

E76419

Greek fire was a notorious incendiary weapon of the medieval Byzantine navy, capable of burning even on water and used to devastating effect in naval warfare.

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Statements (47)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Byzantine weapon
incendiary weapon
associatedWith Second Arab siege of Constantinople (717–718)
surface form: defense of Constantinople
culturalReputation legendary Byzantine secret weapon
terrifying weapon
deliveryMethod earthenware pots
grenade-like containers
handheld projector
ship-mounted projector
siphon
developedFor naval defense
developedIn Byzantine Empire
distinguishedBy ability to burn on water
distinguishedFrom ordinary fire
extinguishingMethod covered with sand
covered with urine
covered with vinegar
firstMajorUse 7th century
formulaStatus lost
historicalImpact contributed to Byzantine naval superiority
helped Byzantines repel sieges
keyProperty adhered to targets
continued burning on water surfaces
ignited on contact or during projection
notableCharacteristic burned on water
difficult to extinguish
highly flammable
projected as a liquid flame
originLanguageName Greek: πῦρ θαλάσσιον (sea fire)
Greek: πῦρ ῥωμαϊκόν (Roman fire)
possibleComponent naphtha
petroleum
pitch
resin
sulfur
primaryTheater Eastern Mediterranean
relatedTo incendiary mixtures
napalm
secrecy state secret of the Byzantine Empire
timePeriod Middle Ages
usedAgainst Arab fleets
enemy ships
siege targets
usedBy Byzantine Empire
Byzantine navy
usedIn naval warfare
weaponType chemical weapon in pre-modern sense

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

subject surface form: Constantine IV
Byzantine navy used Greek fire
Byzantine Empire usedWeapon Greek fire