Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof)
E655795
Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) is a leading House of Lords decision that clarified the civil standard of proof required in child care proceedings under UK law.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7296859 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) Context triple: [Lord Hoffmann, notableWork, Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof)]
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A.
The Children Act
The Children Act is a 2017 British drama film, based on Ian McEwan’s novel, about a High Court judge facing a moral and legal dilemma over a teenage boy refusing a life-saving blood transfusion on religious grounds.
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B.
Children Act 1989
The Children Act 1989 is a key piece of UK legislation that sets out the framework for the care, protection, and welfare of children, emphasizing their best interests and parental responsibilities.
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C.
Children Act 2004
The Children Act 2004 is a key piece of UK legislation that reformed children’s services and safeguarding arrangements in England, promoting inter-agency cooperation and the welfare of children.
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D.
Every Child Matters
Every Child Matters is a UK government initiative and policy framework focused on improving the well-being, safety, and life chances of all children and young people.
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E.
R v McIlkenny and others
R v McIlkenny and others is the criminal case in which the men later known as the Birmingham Six were controversially convicted in 1975 for the Birmingham pub bombings, convictions that were ultimately quashed in 1991.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) Target entity description: Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) is a leading House of Lords decision that clarified the civil standard of proof required in child care proceedings under UK law.
-
A.
The Children Act
The Children Act is a 2017 British drama film, based on Ian McEwan’s novel, about a High Court judge facing a moral and legal dilemma over a teenage boy refusing a life-saving blood transfusion on religious grounds.
-
B.
Children Act 1989
The Children Act 1989 is a key piece of UK legislation that sets out the framework for the care, protection, and welfare of children, emphasizing their best interests and parental responsibilities.
-
C.
Children Act 2004
The Children Act 2004 is a key piece of UK legislation that reformed children’s services and safeguarding arrangements in England, promoting inter-agency cooperation and the welfare of children.
-
D.
Every Child Matters
Every Child Matters is a UK government initiative and policy framework focused on improving the well-being, safety, and life chances of all children and young people.
-
E.
R v McIlkenny and others
R v McIlkenny and others is the criminal case in which the men later known as the Birmingham Six were controversially convicted in 1975 for the Birmingham pub bombings, convictions that were ultimately quashed in 1991.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (39)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
House of Lords decision
ⓘ
UK case law ⓘ public law children case ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Children Act 1989 care proceedings
ⓘ
public law applications for care orders ⓘ |
| authorityLevel |
binding precedent in England and Wales
ⓘ
leading authority ⓘ |
| citedBy | UK family courts in care proceedings ⓘ |
| citedFor |
approach to evaluating serious allegations in civil proceedings
ⓘ
statement of the civil standard of proof in child protection cases ⓘ |
| clarified |
that the civil standard of proof applies in care proceedings
ⓘ
that the seriousness of the allegation does not change the standard of proof ⓘ that the seriousness of the allegation is relevant to the evaluation of evidence ⓘ that there is no intermediate standard of proof between civil and criminal standards ⓘ |
| concerns |
care proceedings
ⓘ
standard of proof ⓘ |
| country | England and Wales NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| court | House of Lords NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| holding |
local authorities must prove facts on the balance of probabilities
ⓘ
the so‑called ‘heightened civil standard’ is rejected ⓘ |
| impact |
rejection of variable standards of proof based on gravity of allegations
ⓘ
standardised approach to proof in care proceedings ⓘ |
| influenced | later UK child protection jurisprudence ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| keyIssue |
threshold criteria under section 31 of the Children Act 1989
ⓘ
whether allegations of serious harm require a higher standard of proof ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalArea |
child protection law
ⓘ
evidence law ⓘ family law ⓘ |
| legalPrinciple |
only two standards of proof exist in English law: civil and criminal
ⓘ
the balance of probabilities means ‘more likely than not’ ⓘ the more serious the allegation, the stronger the evidence needed to satisfy the same standard ⓘ |
| standardOfProof |
balance of probabilities
ⓘ
civil standard ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
risk of significant harm
ⓘ
welfare of children ⓘ |
| usedIn |
practice of local authorities in child protection cases
ⓘ
training and guidance for family judges ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) Description of subject: Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) is a leading House of Lords decision that clarified the civil standard of proof required in child care proceedings under UK law.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.