Grand Unified Theories
E592165
Grand Unified Theories are theoretical frameworks in particle physics that attempt to merge the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces into a single, more fundamental interaction at high energies.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| grand unified theory | 1 |
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical theory
ⓘ
theoretical framework in particle physics ⓘ |
| aim |
unification of electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces
ⓘ
unification of fundamental interactions ⓘ |
| assumes |
local gauge invariance
ⓘ
renormalizable or effective quantum field theory description ⓘ |
| category | beyond Standard Model physics ⓘ |
| contrastWith | Standard Model of particle physics NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| developedIn | 1970s ⓘ |
| doesNotInclude | quantum gravity ⓘ |
| energyScale | high energies ⓘ |
| extends | Standard Model gauge structure ⓘ |
| feature |
single gauge coupling at unification scale
ⓘ
spontaneous symmetry breaking to Standard Model gauge group ⓘ unified gauge group ⓘ |
| field | particle physics ⓘ |
| hasOpenProblem |
doublet–triplet splitting problem
ⓘ
proton lifetime longer than minimal GUT predictions ⓘ |
| implies |
relations among fermion masses
ⓘ
unification of quarks and leptons in common multiplets ⓘ |
| influences | models of early universe cosmology ⓘ |
| mayEmbedIn | string theory ⓘ |
| motivation |
explain charge quantization
ⓘ
reduce number of free parameters in Standard Model ⓘ |
| oftenCombinedWith | supersymmetry ⓘ |
| predict |
proton decay
ⓘ
single more fundamental interaction ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
baryon number violation
ⓘ
cosmic strings ⓘ gauge coupling unification ⓘ grand unification scale ⓘ leptoquarks ⓘ magnetic monopoles ⓘ neutrino mass generation mechanisms ⓘ running of coupling constants ⓘ |
| relatesTo |
electromagnetic interaction
ⓘ
strong nuclear interaction ⓘ weak nuclear interaction ⓘ |
| requires |
spontaneous symmetry breaking via Higgs fields in large representations
ⓘ
very high unification scale ⓘ |
| status | not experimentally confirmed ⓘ |
| testedBy |
precision measurements of gauge couplings
ⓘ
proton decay experiments ⓘ |
| typicalGaugeGroup |
E6
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
SO(10) NERFINISHED ⓘ SU(5) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| unificationScale | around 10^15–10^16 GeV ⓘ |
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
grand unified theory