Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India
E570629
The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India is the constitutional provision that lays down the anti-defection law, specifying when legislators can be disqualified for switching parties or defying party directives.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6127646 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India Context triple: [State Legislative Assemblies, antiDefectionLawBasis, Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India]
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A.
Eighth Schedule
The Eighth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and details specific constitutional provisions, often relating to administrative or structural arrangements of government.
-
B.
Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
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C.
Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India
The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India is the official list of recognized languages that are granted special status and support by the Indian government.
-
D.
Part XX of the Constitution of India
Part XX of the Constitution of India is the section that lays down the procedure and authority for amending the Constitution.
-
E.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India Target entity description: The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India is the constitutional provision that lays down the anti-defection law, specifying when legislators can be disqualified for switching parties or defying party directives.
-
A.
Eighth Schedule
The Eighth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and details specific constitutional provisions, often relating to administrative or structural arrangements of government.
-
B.
Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
-
C.
Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India
The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India is the official list of recognized languages that are granted special status and support by the Indian government.
-
D.
Part XX of the Constitution of India
Part XX of the Constitution of India is the section that lays down the procedure and authority for amending the Constitution.
-
E.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | constitutional schedule ⓘ |
| addedToConstitutionBy | Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
discourage opportunistic party switching by legislators
ⓘ
promote stability of governments ⓘ |
| amendedBy |
Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ninety-first Amendment of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Members of Parliament
ⓘ
Members of State Legislative Assemblies ⓘ Members of State Legislative Councils ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
all Houses of Parliament
ⓘ
all State Legislatures in India ⓘ |
| constitutionalPosition | forms part of the main body of the Constitution through a schedule ⓘ |
| contains | provisions on disqualification on ground of defection ⓘ |
| containsException | no disqualification in case of merger of political parties meeting specified conditions ⓘ |
| country | India ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
reducing scope for dissent within political parties
ⓘ
strengthening party leadership control over legislators ⓘ |
| decisionAuthority |
Chairman of the Legislative Council
ⓘ
Chairman of the Rajya Sabha NERFINISHED ⓘ Speaker of the Legislative Assembly ⓘ Speaker of the Lok Sabha NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| defines | defection by legislators ⓘ |
| effectiveFrom | 1985 ⓘ |
| governs | disqualification of legislators on ground of defection ⓘ |
| interpretedBy | Supreme Court of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| introducedBy | Fifty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| judicialHoldingInLandmarkCase | Speaker’s decision under the Tenth Schedule is subject to judicial review ⓘ |
| landmarkCase | Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
disqualification from membership of the House
ⓘ
vacation of seat on disqualification ⓘ |
| legalStatus | in force ⓘ |
| originallyProvidedFor | disqualification exemptions in case of splits by one-third of members ⓘ |
| partOf | Schedules to the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| postAmendmentRule | merger exception requires at least two-thirds of members of a legislature party ⓘ |
| providesFor |
disqualification of a member who voluntarily gives up membership of the political party
ⓘ
disqualification of a member who votes or abstains contrary to party whip without prior permission ⓘ disqualification of a nominated member who joins a political party after a specified period ⓘ disqualification of an independent member who joins a political party after election ⓘ |
| purpose |
to curb political defections by legislators
ⓘ
to provide grounds for disqualification of legislators on defection ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
floor crossing
ⓘ
party whip ⓘ political defection ⓘ |
| scheduleNumber | 10 ⓘ |
| shortDescription | constitutional provision containing India’s anti-defection law ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | anti-defection law in India ⓘ |
| yearIntroduced | 1985 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India Description of subject: The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India is the constitutional provision that lays down the anti-defection law, specifying when legislators can be disqualified for switching parties or defying party directives.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
State Legislative Assemblies
→
antiDefectionLawBasis
→
Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India
ⓘ