ICMP
E5619
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a core network-layer protocol used primarily for sending error messages and operational information, such as in tools like ping and traceroute, within IP networks.
All labels observed (16)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T53945 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ICMP Context triple: [TCP/IP, includesProtocol, ICMP]
-
A.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is the fundamental communication protocol suite that enables data transmission and networking across the internet and most modern computer networks.
-
B.
Internet Protocol version 6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the modern Internet addressing and routing protocol designed to replace IPv4 by providing a vastly larger address space and improved network efficiency and security features.
-
C.
IPv4
IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, providing a 32-bit address space that underpins most of today’s internet routing and communication.
-
D.
UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, connectionless transport-layer protocol used on the Internet for fast, low-overhead data transmission without guaranteed delivery or ordering.
-
E.
ARPANET
ARPANET was the pioneering packet-switching network developed in the late 1960s that became the technical foundation of the modern Internet.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ICMP Target entity description: ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a core network-layer protocol used primarily for sending error messages and operational information, such as in tools like ping and traceroute, within IP networks.
-
A.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is the fundamental communication protocol suite that enables data transmission and networking across the internet and most modern computer networks.
-
B.
Internet Protocol version 6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the modern Internet addressing and routing protocol designed to replace IPv4 by providing a vastly larger address space and improved network efficiency and security features.
-
C.
IPv4
IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, providing a 32-bit address space that underpins most of today’s internet routing and communication.
-
D.
UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, connectionless transport-layer protocol used on the Internet for fast, low-overhead data transmission without guaranteed delivery or ordering.
-
E.
ARPANET
ARPANET was the pioneering packet-switching network developed in the late 1960s that became the technical foundation of the modern Internet.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Internet protocol
ⓘ
control message protocol ⓘ network protocol ⓘ |
| abbreviation | ICMP self-link ⓘ |
| belongsTo |
TCP/IP
ⓘ
surface form:
Internet Protocol Suite
|
| carries |
control information
ⓘ
diagnostic information ⓘ error reporting information ⓘ |
| definedIn | RFC 792 ⓘ |
| designGoal |
support IP diagnostics
ⓘ
support IP error handling ⓘ |
| encapsulatedIn | IP packet ⓘ |
| field |
Checksum
ⓘ
Code ⓘ Rest of Header ⓘ Type ⓘ |
| fullName |
ICMP
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Internet Control Message Protocol
|
| hasVariant |
ICMP
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
ICMPv6
|
| introducedIn | early Internet architecture ⓘ |
| is |
connectionless
ⓘ
unreliable ⓘ |
| layer | network layer ⓘ |
| messageType |
Destination Unreachable
ⓘ
Echo Reply ⓘ Echo Request ⓘ Parameter Problem ⓘ Redirect ⓘ Source Quench ⓘ Time Exceeded ⓘ Timestamp ⓘ Timestamp Reply ⓘ |
| notUsedFor | application data transport ⓘ |
| OSIlayer | Layer 3 ⓘ |
| protocolNumber | 1 ⓘ |
| purpose |
send error messages in IP networks
ⓘ
send operational information in IP networks ⓘ |
| relatedTo | IPv4 ⓘ |
| runsOver | IP ⓘ |
| securityConcern |
can be filtered by firewalls
ⓘ
can be used for network reconnaissance ⓘ |
| standardizedBy |
Internet Engineering Task Force
ⓘ
surface form:
IETF
|
| usedByTool |
pathping
ⓘ
ping ⓘ traceroute ⓘ |
| usedFor |
error reporting between routers and hosts
ⓘ
network diagnostics ⓘ path discovery ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: ICMP Description of subject: ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a core network-layer protocol used primarily for sending error messages and operational information, such as in tools like ping and traceroute, within IP networks.
Referenced by (26)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Internet Control Message Protocol
this entity surface form:
ICMPv6
this entity surface form:
Internet Control Message Protocol
this entity surface form:
Internet Control Message Protocol
this entity surface form:
ICMP Echo Request
this entity surface form:
ICMP Echo Reply
this entity surface form:
ICMP Destination Unreachable
this entity surface form:
ICMP Source Quench
this entity surface form:
ICMP Redirect
this entity surface form:
ICMP Time Exceeded
this entity surface form:
ICMP Parameter Problem
this entity surface form:
ICMP Timestamp
this entity surface form:
ICMP Timestamp Reply
this entity surface form:
ICMP Information Request
this entity surface form:
ICMP Information Reply
this entity surface form:
ICMP Identifier field
this entity surface form:
Internet Control Message Protocol Echo (ICMP Echo)