Cleomenes I of Sparta
E528675
Cleomenes I of Sparta was a powerful late 6th–early 5th century BC Spartan king known for his aggressive foreign policy, including intervention in Athenian politics and conflicts with Persia and other Greek states.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cleomenes I | 5 |
| Cleomenes I of Sparta canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5576215 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cleomenes I of Sparta Context triple: [Hippias of Athens, wasOverthrownBy, Cleomenes I of Sparta]
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A.
Areus I of Sparta
Areus I of Sparta was a 3rd-century BC Spartan king of the Agiad dynasty known for his efforts to revive Spartan power and his involvement in the Hellenistic conflicts against Macedon.
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B.
Spartan king Pleistoanax
Spartan king Pleistoanax was a 5th-century BCE Agiad ruler of Sparta known for his controversial leadership, including a peace-oriented policy toward Athens that led to his temporary exile.
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C.
Clearchus of Sparta
Clearchus of Sparta was a 5th-century BC Spartan general best known for commanding Greek mercenaries in Cyrus the Younger's campaign against Artaxerxes II, as famously recounted in Xenophon's Anabasis.
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D.
Archidamus III
Archidamus III was a 4th-century BC Spartan king known for his military leadership during the Spartan decline following the Peloponnesian War.
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E.
Archidamus II
Archidamus II was a 5th-century BC king of Sparta from the Eurypontid dynasty, noted for his leadership in the early phase of the Peloponnesian War.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cleomenes I of Sparta Target entity description: Cleomenes I of Sparta was a powerful late 6th–early 5th century BC Spartan king known for his aggressive foreign policy, including intervention in Athenian politics and conflicts with Persia and other Greek states.
-
A.
Areus I of Sparta
Areus I of Sparta was a 3rd-century BC Spartan king of the Agiad dynasty known for his efforts to revive Spartan power and his involvement in the Hellenistic conflicts against Macedon.
-
B.
Spartan king Pleistoanax
Spartan king Pleistoanax was a 5th-century BCE Agiad ruler of Sparta known for his controversial leadership, including a peace-oriented policy toward Athens that led to his temporary exile.
-
C.
Clearchus of Sparta
Clearchus of Sparta was a 5th-century BC Spartan general best known for commanding Greek mercenaries in Cyrus the Younger's campaign against Artaxerxes II, as famously recounted in Xenophon's Anabasis.
-
D.
Archidamus III
Archidamus III was a 4th-century BC Spartan king known for his military leadership during the Spartan decline following the Peloponnesian War.
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E.
Archidamus II
Archidamus II was a 5th-century BC king of Sparta from the Eurypontid dynasty, noted for his leadership in the early phase of the Peloponnesian War.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (58)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Agiad king of Sparta
ⓘ
Spartan king ⓘ ancient Greek monarch ⓘ historical figure ⓘ |
| accusation |
bribery by the Aeginetans
ⓘ
madness in later life ⓘ |
| ally |
Athenian aristocratic factions opposed to Cleisthenes
ⓘ
Isagoras of Athens NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| attemptedAction |
dissolution of the Athenian Council (Boule)
ⓘ
restoration of Hippias as tyrant of Athens ⓘ |
| battle | Battle of Sepeia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| child | Gorgo of Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflict |
Argos
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Athenian factional struggles between Isagoras and Cleisthenes ⓘ Athenian tyranny of Hippias NERFINISHED ⓘ Persian Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| coRuler |
Demaratus of Sparta
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Leotychidas II NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country | Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| culture | Dorian Greek ⓘ |
| deathCause | suicide (according to Herodotus) ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| era | Archaic Greece ⓘ |
| father | Anaxandridas II NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| floruit |
early 5th century BC
ⓘ
late 6th century BC ⓘ |
| intervenedIn | Athenian internal politics ⓘ |
| knownFor |
aggressive foreign policy
ⓘ
conflicts with Persia ⓘ conflicts with other Greek states ⓘ intervention in Athenian politics ⓘ |
| language | Ancient Greek ⓘ |
| memberOf | Agiad dynasty NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| name | Cleomenes I NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
defeat and heavy losses inflicted on Argos at Sepeia
ⓘ
forced withdrawal from Athens after popular resistance ⓘ |
| opponent |
Argos
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Cleisthenes of Athens NERFINISHED ⓘ Demaratus of Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ Hippias of Athens NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| policy |
hostility toward Argos
ⓘ
opposition to Persian influence in Greece ⓘ support for oligarchic regimes in other Greek poleis ⓘ |
| positionHeld | King of the Spartans NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| reignEnd | c. 490 BC ⓘ |
| reignStart | c. 520 BC ⓘ |
| relative |
Cleombrotus I
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Dorieus of Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ Gorgo of Sparta NERFINISHED ⓘ Leonidas I NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| religion | ancient Greek religion ⓘ |
| source | Herodotus' Histories NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| spouse |
unnamed daughter of Demaratus
ⓘ
unnamed daughter of Prinetadas ⓘ unnamed woman from Arkadia ⓘ unnamed woman from Thessaly ⓘ |
| successor | Leonidas I NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| title | King of Sparta ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cleomenes I of Sparta Description of subject: Cleomenes I of Sparta was a powerful late 6th–early 5th century BC Spartan king known for his aggressive foreign policy, including intervention in Athenian politics and conflicts with Persia and other Greek states.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Cleomenes I
this entity surface form:
Cleomenes I
this entity surface form:
Cleomenes I
this entity surface form:
Cleomenes I
this entity surface form:
Cleomenes I