Arizona v. Johnson
E522188
Arizona v. Johnson is a 2009 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified police authority to frisk passengers during lawful traffic stops when officers reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Arizona v. Johnson canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5478392 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arizona v. Johnson Context triple: [Terry v. Ohio, subsequentCitationBy, Arizona v. Johnson]
-
A.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
B.
Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee
Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed the scope of federal protections against voting discrimination, particularly under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.
-
C.
Texas v. White
Texas v. White was an 1869 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Union to be indestructible and that states could not unilaterally secede from it.
-
D.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
E.
Van Orden v. Perry
Van Orden v. Perry is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of a Ten Commandments monument on Texas State Capitol grounds against an Establishment Clause challenge.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arizona v. Johnson Target entity description: Arizona v. Johnson is a 2009 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified police authority to frisk passengers during lawful traffic stops when officers reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.
-
A.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
B.
Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee
Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed the scope of federal protections against voting discrimination, particularly under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.
-
C.
Texas v. White
Texas v. White was an 1869 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Union to be indestructible and that states could not unilaterally secede from it.
-
D.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
E.
Van Orden v. Perry
Van Orden v. Perry is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of a Ten Commandments monument on Texas State Capitol grounds against an Establishment Clause challenge.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | United States Supreme Court case ⓘ |
| appliesPrecedent |
Maryland v. Wilson
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Pennsylvania v. Mimms NERFINISHED ⓘ Terry v. Ohio NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| clarifies |
Authority to frisk vehicle passengers
ⓘ
Scope of Terry frisk during traffic stops ⓘ |
| hasArguedDate | 2008-12-09 ⓘ |
| hasCitation |
129 S. Ct. 781
ⓘ
172 L. Ed. 2d 694 ⓘ 555 U.S. 323 ⓘ |
| hasCountry |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDecisionDate | 2009-01-26 ⓘ |
| hasDecisionType | unanimous decision ⓘ |
| hasDocketNumber | 07-1122 ⓘ |
| hasFullCaseName | Arizona v. Johnson NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasHolding |
A lawful traffic stop seizes every occupant of the vehicle for Fourth Amendment purposes.
ⓘ
An officer may conduct a patdown search of a passenger upon reasonable suspicion that the passenger is armed and dangerous, even if there is no suspicion of criminal activity by that passenger beyond the traffic violation. ⓘ Police may frisk a passenger during a lawful traffic stop if they reasonably suspect the person is armed and dangerous. ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | United States federal law ⓘ |
| hasLegalIssue |
Fourth Amendment
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Terry stop and frisk ⓘ Traffic stop ⓘ |
| hasLowerCourt | Arizona Court of Appeals NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasOpinionAuthor | Ruth Bader Ginsburg NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasOpinionType | majority opinion ⓘ |
| hasPetitioner | State of Arizona NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasProceduralPosture | Review of decision of the Arizona Court of Appeals ⓘ |
| hasRespondent | Lemon Johnson NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasResult | Judgment of the Arizona Court of Appeals reversed ⓘ |
| hasStandard | reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous ⓘ |
| hasState | Arizona NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasSubjectMatter |
constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal law enforcement ⓘ |
| hasTimePeriod | 2000s ⓘ |
| hasVote | 9-0 ⓘ |
| holdsThat | The encounter remains a traffic stop even when officers ask questions unrelated to the reason for the stop, so long as the inquiries do not measurably extend the duration of the stop. ⓘ |
| interprets | Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| isCitedFor |
authority to frisk passengers during traffic stops
ⓘ
definition of seizure of vehicle occupants ⓘ |
| isPartOf | United States Supreme Court jurisprudence on the Fourth Amendment ⓘ |
| relatesTo |
criminal procedure
ⓘ
police officer safety ⓘ search and seizure law ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Arizona v. Johnson Description of subject: Arizona v. Johnson is a 2009 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified police authority to frisk passengers during lawful traffic stops when officers reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.