Cicero’s letters
E503911
Cicero’s letters are a collection of personal and political correspondence by the Roman orator and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero, offering a vivid primary source on late Republican Roman history, culture, and rhetoric.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cicero’s correspondence | 2 |
| Cicero’s letters canonical | 2 |
| Cicero's correspondence | 1 |
| Cicero's letters | 1 |
| Cicero’s letters to Atticus | 1 |
| letters of Cicero | 1 |
| letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5185880 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cicero’s letters Context triple: [Vita di Cicerone, usesSource, Cicero’s letters]
-
A.
Vita di Cicerone
Vita di Cicerone is a humanist biographical work on the Roman orator Cicero, written by the early Renaissance scholar and statesman Leonardo Bruni.
-
B.
Epistulae
Epistulae is a collection of letters by Pliny the Younger that offers a detailed and personal glimpse into Roman political, social, and intellectual life in the late first and early second centuries AD.
-
C.
Correspondence of Paul and Seneca
The Correspondence of Paul and Seneca is a collection of forged letters purportedly exchanged between the Apostle Paul and the Stoic philosopher Seneca, reflecting early Christian attempts to link apostolic teaching with Greco-Roman intellectual authority.
-
D.
Letters to Lucilius
Letters to Lucilius is a collection of moral essays in epistolary form by the Stoic philosopher Seneca the Younger, offering practical guidance on ethics, virtue, and the good life.
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E.
On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium)
On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium) is a historical and apologetic work by Philo of Alexandria recounting his mission to the Roman emperor Caligula and the persecution of the Jews under his rule.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cicero’s letters Target entity description: Cicero’s letters are a collection of personal and political correspondence by the Roman orator and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero, offering a vivid primary source on late Republican Roman history, culture, and rhetoric.
-
A.
Vita di Cicerone
Vita di Cicerone is a humanist biographical work on the Roman orator Cicero, written by the early Renaissance scholar and statesman Leonardo Bruni.
-
B.
Epistulae
Epistulae is a collection of letters by Pliny the Younger that offers a detailed and personal glimpse into Roman political, social, and intellectual life in the late first and early second centuries AD.
-
C.
Correspondence of Paul and Seneca
The Correspondence of Paul and Seneca is a collection of forged letters purportedly exchanged between the Apostle Paul and the Stoic philosopher Seneca, reflecting early Christian attempts to link apostolic teaching with Greco-Roman intellectual authority.
-
D.
Letters to Lucilius
Letters to Lucilius is a collection of moral essays in epistolary form by the Stoic philosopher Seneca the Younger, offering practical guidance on ethics, virtue, and the good life.
-
E.
On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium)
On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium) is a historical and apologetic work by Philo of Alexandria recounting his mission to the Roman emperor Caligula and the persecution of the Jews under his rule.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
collection of letters
ⓘ
epistolary corpus ⓘ primary historical source ⓘ |
| approximateEndYear | 43 BCE ⓘ |
| approximateStartYear | 68 BCE ⓘ |
| author | Marcus Tullius Cicero NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| containsSubcollection |
Epistulae ad Atticum
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Epistulae ad Brutum NERFINISHED ⓘ Epistulae ad Familiares NERFINISHED ⓘ Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| genre |
personal correspondence
ⓘ
political correspondence ⓘ |
| historicalValue | first‑hand account of late Republican events ⓘ |
| influenced |
Renaissance humanists
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
early modern letter‑writing practices ⓘ |
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| literaryValue | model of Latin epistolary style ⓘ |
| mainTopic |
Cicero’s career
ⓘ
Cicero’s exile ⓘ Civil War between Caesar and Pompey NERFINISHED ⓘ Roman culture ⓘ Roman law ⓘ Roman politics ⓘ Roman rhetoric ⓘ Roman social life ⓘ fall of the Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| modernAvailability |
critical editions
ⓘ
translations into modern languages ⓘ |
| periodDescribed | late Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| preservation | medieval manuscript tradition ⓘ |
| providesInformationOn |
Cicero’s philosophical interests
ⓘ
daily life of Roman elite ⓘ elite friendship in Rome ⓘ governorship of provinces ⓘ judicial proceedings ⓘ patronage networks ⓘ senatorial politics ⓘ |
| significantPersonAddressed |
Atticus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Brutus NERFINISHED ⓘ Marcus Caelius Rufus NERFINISHED ⓘ Quintus Tullius Cicero NERFINISHED ⓘ various Roman magistrates ⓘ |
| timeOfComposition | 1st century BCE ⓘ |
| usedAsSourceBy |
ancient historians of the late Republic
ⓘ
modern historians of Roman history ⓘ scholars of Latin literature ⓘ scholars of Roman rhetoric ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cicero’s letters Description of subject: Cicero’s letters are a collection of personal and political correspondence by the Roman orator and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero, offering a vivid primary source on late Republican Roman history, culture, and rhetoric.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Cicero's letters
this entity surface form:
Cicero's correspondence
this entity surface form:
letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero
this entity surface form:
letters of Cicero
this entity surface form:
Cicero’s correspondence
this entity surface form:
Cicero’s correspondence
this entity surface form:
Cicero’s letters to Atticus