Darius I of Persia
E48135
Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
All labels observed (10)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Darius I | 90 |
| Darius I of Persia canonical | 28 |
| Darius the Great | 6 |
| King Darius I | 2 |
| Dareios | 1 |
| Darius | 1 |
| Darius I, son of Hystaspes | 1 |
| Darius I, third king of the Achaemenid Empire | 1 |
| King Darius I of Persia | 1 |
| Δαρεῖος (Dareios) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T376810 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Darius I of Persia Context triple: [Second Temple in Jerusalem, rebuiltUnder, Darius I of Persia]
-
A.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
-
B.
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II was a powerful 6th-century BCE king of Babylon best known for expanding the Neo-Babylonian Empire, conquering Jerusalem, and being associated with the legendary Hanging Gardens.
-
C.
Eskandar
Eskandar is a Persian and Arabic form of the name Alexander, commonly used in historical and literary contexts to refer to Alexander the Great.
-
D.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was a 4th-century BCE king of Macedon who created one of the largest empires in ancient history and spread Greek culture across the Near East.
-
E.
Belshazzar
Belshazzar is a biblical Babylonian prince or king best known for the story of the mysterious handwriting on the wall that foretold the fall of his kingdom.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Darius I of Persia Target entity description: Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
-
A.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
-
B.
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II was a powerful 6th-century BCE king of Babylon best known for expanding the Neo-Babylonian Empire, conquering Jerusalem, and being associated with the legendary Hanging Gardens.
-
C.
Eskandar
Eskandar is a Persian and Arabic form of the name Alexander, commonly used in historical and literary contexts to refer to Alexander the Great.
-
D.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was a 4th-century BCE king of Macedon who created one of the largest empires in ancient history and spread Greek culture across the Near East.
-
E.
Belshazzar
Belshazzar is a biblical Babylonian prince or king best known for the story of the mysterious handwriting on the wall that foretold the fall of his kingdom.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Achaemenid king
ⓘ
King of Kings ⓘ Persian ruler ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Achaemenid imperial ideology ⓘ |
| battle | Battle of Marathon ⓘ |
| birthDate | c. 550 BCE ⓘ |
| birthPlace | Persis ⓘ |
| burialPlace |
Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions
ⓘ
surface form:
Naqsh-e Rostam
|
| child |
Achaemenes
ⓘ
surface form:
Achaemenes (son of Darius I)
Ariomardus ⓘ Hystaspes ⓘ
surface form:
Hystaspes (son of Darius I)
Masistes ⓘ Xerxes I ⓘ |
| conflict |
Greco-Persian Wars
ⓘ
surface form:
First Persian invasion of Greece
Greco-Persian Wars ⓘ
surface form:
Ionian Revolt
|
| countryRuled | Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| deathDate | 486 BCE ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Persepolis ⓘ |
| dynasty | Achaemenid dynasty ⓘ |
| father | Hystaspes ⓘ |
| givenName |
Darius I of Persia
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Darius
|
| honorific |
Darius I of Persia
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Darius the Great
|
| implemented | satrapy system of provincial administration ⓘ |
| knownFor |
administrative reforms
ⓘ
construction of the Royal Road ⓘ expansion of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ inscriptions in Old Persian cuneiform ⓘ introduction of the daric gold coin ⓘ large-scale building projects ⓘ standardization of taxation ⓘ |
| languageUsed |
Babylonian
ⓘ
Elamite ⓘ Old Persian ⓘ |
| mother | Rhodogune ⓘ |
| nativeName | Dārayavauš ⓘ |
| notableProject |
Suez Canal
ⓘ
surface form:
Egyptian canal between Nile and Red Sea
construction of Persepolis terraces and palaces ⓘ palace at Susa ⓘ |
| notableWork | Behistun Inscription ⓘ |
| predecessor | Bardiya ⓘ |
| regnalName |
Darius I of Persia
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Darius I
|
| reignEnd | 486 BCE ⓘ |
| reignStart | 522 BCE ⓘ |
| religion |
Zoroastrianism
ⓘ
surface form:
Zoroastrianism (likely)
|
| spouse |
Artystone
ⓘ
Atossa ⓘ Parmys ⓘ |
| standardized | imperial Aramaic as administrative language ⓘ |
| successor | Xerxes I ⓘ |
| territorialExpansion |
annexation of Egypt into the Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
campaigns in Indus Valley ⓘ conquest of Thrace ⓘ |
| title |
King of Persia
ⓘ
Shahanshah of Persia ⓘ
surface form:
Shahanshah
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Darius I of Persia Description of subject: Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
Referenced by (132)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Dareios
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius the Great
this entity surface form:
Darius I
subject surface form:
siglos
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius the Great
this entity surface form:
Darius the Great
this entity surface form:
Darius the Great
this entity surface form:
Darius I
subject surface form:
Achaemenid palace complex at Susa
this entity surface form:
Darius I
subject surface form:
Achaemenid palace complex at Susa
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I
this entity surface form:
Darius I