Modalism

E4644

Modalism is a nontrinitarian Christian theological view that understands the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as different modes or manifestations of one divine person rather than as three distinct persons.

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All labels observed (11)

Statements (50)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Christian theological doctrine
nontrinitarian theology
view of the Godhead
accusedOf Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross)
affirms there is one divine person who appears in different modes
alsoKnownAs Modalism
surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism

Modalism
surface form: Oneness theology

Modalism
surface form: Sabellianism
associatedWithPerson Noetus of Smyrna
Praxeas
Sabellius
category non-Nicene Christology
non-Nicene pneumatology
condemnedBy early church councils and bishops
consideredHeresyBy Eastern Orthodox Christianity
surface form: Eastern Orthodox Church

Roman Catholicism
surface form: Roman Catholic Church

most Protestant denominations
contrastsWith Nicene Christianity
Trinity
surface form: Trinitarianism
coreClaim the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are different modes of one divine person
criticizedFor failing to account for intra‑Trinitarian relations in the New Testament
undermining real distinctions between Father, Son, and Spirit
denies doctrine of the Trinity as three distinct persons
distinguishedFrom Arianism
Tritheism
emphasizes unity of God
hasSubType Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross)
surface form: Patripassian Modalism

Modalism self-linksurface differs
surface form: Sabellian Modalism
historicalPeriodOfProminence 3rd century
influencedBy strict Jewish monotheism as interpreted by some early Christians
logicalStructure one subject (God) with multiple modes of self‑revelation
metaphysicalClaim Modalism self-linksurface differs
surface form: God is numerically one person

distinctions in God are temporal or relational modes, not eternal persons
minimizes distinctions among Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
modernInfluenceOn Pentecostal churches
surface form: Oneness Pentecostalism
opposedByPerson Sabellius
surface form: Hippolytus of Rome

Tertullian
rejectedByCouncil First Council of Constantinople
surface form: First Council of Constantinople (implicitly, via Trinitarian dogma)

local synods in the 3rd century
religiousTradition Christianity
scripturalAppeal Deuteronomy 6:4
Isaiah passages emphasizing divine unity
statusInMainstreamChristianity regarded as heretical
theologicalCategory Modalism self-linksurface differs
surface form: Monarchianism
viewOnBaptismOfJesus Father, Son, and Spirit at Jesus’ baptism are different manifestations of one God
viewOnFather the Father
surface form: the Father is a mode of the one God
viewOnHolySpirit the Holy Spirit is a mode of the one God
viewOnIncarnation the one God manifested as the Son in the incarnation
viewOnPersonsOfTrinity Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons
viewOnSon the Son is a mode of the one God

Referenced by (27)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Trinity contrastedWith Modalism
Original sin rejectedOrModifiedBy Modalism
this entity surface form: Socinianism
Original sin rejectedOrModifiedBy Modalism
this entity surface form: Unitarianism
Tritheism relatedConcept Modalism
Modalism alsoKnownAs Modalism
this entity surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism
Modalism alsoKnownAs Modalism
this entity surface form: Sabellianism
Modalism alsoKnownAs Modalism
this entity surface form: Oneness theology
Modalism theologicalCategory Modalism self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Monarchianism
Modalism metaphysicalClaim Modalism self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: God is numerically one person
Modalism hasSubType Modalism self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Sabellian Modalism
Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons historicallyAssociatedWith Modalism
this entity surface form: Oneness theology
Noetus of Smyrna movement Modalism
this entity surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism
Noetus of Smyrna movement Modalism
this entity surface form: Monarchianism
Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross) isFormOf Modalism
subject surface form: Patripassianism
this entity surface form: Monarchianism
Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross) isFormOf Modalism
subject surface form: Patripassianism
this entity surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism
Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross) isRelatedTo Modalism
subject surface form: Patripassianism
Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross) isRelatedTo Modalism
subject surface form: Patripassianism
this entity surface form: Nontrinitarianism
Sabellius movement Modalism
this entity surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism
Sabellianism hasAlternativeName Modalism
this entity surface form: Modalistic Monarchianism
Sabellianism theologicalCategory Modalism
this entity surface form: Monarchianism
Sabellianism subtypeOf Modalism
Sabellianism relatedConcept Modalism
this entity surface form: Oneness theology
Photinianism relatedTo Modalism
this entity surface form: Dynamic Monarchianism