Modalism

E4644

Modalism is a nontrinitarian Christian theological view that understands the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as different modes or manifestations of one divine person rather than as three distinct persons.


Statements (50)
Predicate Object
instanceOf Christian theological doctrine
nontrinitarian theology
view of the Godhead
accusedOf Patripassianism (teaching that the Father suffered on the cross)
affirms there is one divine person who appears in different modes
alsoKnownAs Modalistic Monarchianism
Oneness theology
Sabellianism
associatedWithPerson Noetus of Smyrna
Praxeas
Sabellius
category non-Nicene Christology
non-Nicene pneumatology
condemnedBy early church councils and bishops
consideredHeresyBy Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church
most Protestant denominations
contrastsWith Nicene Christianity
Trinitarianism
coreClaim the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are different modes of one divine person
criticizedFor failing to account for intra‑Trinitarian relations in the New Testament
undermining real distinctions between Father, Son, and Spirit
denies doctrine of the Trinity as three distinct persons
distinguishedFrom Arianism
Tritheism
emphasizes unity of God
hasSubType Patripassian Modalism
Sabellian Modalism
historicalPeriodOfProminence 3rd century
influencedBy strict Jewish monotheism as interpreted by some early Christians
logicalStructure one subject (God) with multiple modes of self‑revelation
metaphysicalClaim God is numerically one person
distinctions in God are temporal or relational modes, not eternal persons
minimizes distinctions among Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
modernInfluenceOn Oneness Pentecostalism
opposedByPerson Hippolytus of Rome
Tertullian
rejectedByCouncil First Council of Constantinople (implicitly, via Trinitarian dogma)
local synods in the 3rd century
religiousTradition Christianity
scripturalAppeal Deuteronomy 6:4
Isaiah passages emphasizing divine unity
statusInMainstreamChristianity regarded as heretical
theologicalCategory Monarchianism
viewOnBaptismOfJesus Father, Son, and Spirit at Jesus’ baptism are different manifestations of one God
viewOnFather the Father is a mode of the one God
viewOnHolySpirit the Holy Spirit is a mode of the one God
viewOnIncarnation the one God manifested as the Son in the incarnation
viewOnPersonsOfTrinity Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons
viewOnSon the Son is a mode of the one God

Referenced by (21)
Subject (surface form when different) Predicate
Modalism ("Modalistic Monarchianism")
Modalism ("Sabellianism")
Modalism ("Oneness theology")
alsoKnownAs
Noetus of Smyrna ("Modalistic Monarchianism")
Noetus of Smyrna ("Monarchianism")
Sabellius ("Modalistic Monarchianism")
movement
Patripassianism ("Monarchianism")
Patripassianism ("Modalistic Monarchianism")
isFormOf
Patripassianism
Patripassianism ("Nontrinitarianism")
isRelatedTo
Original sin ("Socinianism")
Original sin ("Unitarianism")
rejectedOrModifiedBy
Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons
associatedWith
Trinity
contrastedWith
Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons
coreOf
Modalism ("Sabellian Modalism")
hasSubType
Father, Son, and Spirit are not distinct eternal persons ("Oneness theology")
historicallyAssociatedWith
Modalism ("God is numerically one person")
metaphysicalClaim
Nicene Christianity
rejectsDoctrine
Tritheism
relatedConcept
Modalism ("Monarchianism")
theologicalCategory

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