Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
E41227
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a jihadist militant group and former self-proclaimed caliphate known for its extreme violence, terrorist attacks, and control of territory in Iraq and Syria during the 2010s.
All labels observed (20)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T319806 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Context triple: [Operation Shader, belligerentTarget, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria]
-
A.
Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Islamic State – Khorasan Province is a regional branch of the Islamic State militant group active mainly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, known for insurgent attacks, terrorism, and opposition to both Western forces and the Taliban.
-
B.
al-Qaeda in Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq was a Sunni Islamist militant organization that emerged after the 2003 U.S. invasion, becoming one of the most violent insurgent groups in the country and a precursor to the Islamic State (ISIS).
-
C.
al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist extremist organization known for orchestrating major terrorist attacks worldwide, including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.
-
D.
Hamas
Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist militant and political organization that governs the Gaza Strip and is known for its armed resistance against Israel.
-
E.
Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanon-based Shiite Islamist political and militant organization backed by Iran, known for its armed resistance against Israel and significant influence in Lebanese politics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Target entity description: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a jihadist militant group and former self-proclaimed caliphate known for its extreme violence, terrorist attacks, and control of territory in Iraq and Syria during the 2010s.
-
A.
Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Islamic State – Khorasan Province is a regional branch of the Islamic State militant group active mainly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, known for insurgent attacks, terrorism, and opposition to both Western forces and the Taliban.
-
B.
al-Qaeda in Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq was a Sunni Islamist militant organization that emerged after the 2003 U.S. invasion, becoming one of the most violent insurgent groups in the country and a precursor to the Islamic State (ISIS).
-
C.
al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist extremist organization known for orchestrating major terrorist attacks worldwide, including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.
-
D.
Hamas
Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist militant and political organization that governs the Gaza Strip and is known for its armed resistance against Israel.
-
E.
Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanon-based Shiite Islamist political and militant organization backed by Iran, known for its armed resistance against Israel and significant influence in Lebanese politics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (87)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Salafi-jihadist group
ⓘ
jihadist militant group ⓘ non-state armed group ⓘ terrorist organization ⓘ |
| capitalClaimed | Raqqa ⓘ |
| claimedCaliphate | 2014 ⓘ |
| committedCrime |
crimes against humanity
ⓘ
genocide against Yazidis (as recognized by several bodies) ⓘ war crimes ⓘ |
| controlledCity |
Fallujah
ⓘ
Mosul ⓘ Raqqa ⓘ Tikrit ⓘ |
| controlledTerritoryPeak |
large areas of eastern Syria
ⓘ
large areas of northern and western Iraq ⓘ |
| dateFounded | 2013 ⓘ |
| declaredCaliph | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ⓘ |
| designatedTerroristBy |
Australia
ⓘ
Canada ⓘ European Union ⓘ Russia ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ United Nations ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
many other countries ⓘ |
| emergedFrom |
Iraqi insurgency (post-2003)
ⓘ
Syrian Civil War ⓘ |
| financingMethod |
extortion
ⓘ
kidnapping for ransom ⓘ looting ⓘ oil smuggling ⓘ taxation in controlled areas ⓘ |
| foundedBy |
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
ⓘ
surface form:
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (as ISIS/ISIL)
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi ⓘ
surface form:
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (ideological and organizational predecessor)
|
| goal |
establishment of a caliphate
ⓘ
implementation of its interpretation of Sharia law ⓘ |
| hasAbbreviation |
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Daesh
IS ⓘ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
ISIL
ISIS ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
ⓘ
surface form:
Islamic State
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ
surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
|
| hasBranch |
Islamic State – Khorasan Province
ⓘ
Islamic State – Libya Province ⓘ Islamic State – Sinai Province ⓘ Islamic State – West Africa Province ⓘ Islamic State – Yemen Province ⓘ |
| hasEnglishName | Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-link ⓘ |
| hasLeader |
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
ⓘ
surface form:
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (until 2019)
Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2019–2022) ⓘ Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2022) ⓘ Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi (reported successor) ⓘ |
| hasNativeName |
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام
|
| hasPredecessor |
al-Qaeda in Iraq
ⓘ
surface form:
Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq
|
| ideology |
Islamic extremism
ⓘ
Salafi jihadism ⓘ Salafism ⓘ Wahhabism ⓘ
surface form:
Wahhabism (claimed)
|
| knownFor |
beheadings
ⓘ
destruction of cultural heritage ⓘ mass killings ⓘ suicide bombings ⓘ terrorist attacks worldwide ⓘ use of social media for recruitment ⓘ |
| lostLastTerritoryInSyria | 2019 ⓘ |
| operatesIn |
Afghanistan
ⓘ
Iraq ⓘ Libya ⓘ Nigeria ⓘ Sinai Peninsula ⓘ Syria ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Iran-led regional axis
ⓘ
surface form:
Iran-backed militias
Government of Iraq ⓘ
surface form:
Iraqi government
Kurdish forces ⓘ Russia ⓘ Syrian government ⓘ United States-led coalition ⓘ |
| recruitsFrom |
foreign fighters
ⓘ
local Sunni populations in Iraq and Syria ⓘ |
| religion |
Sunni Islam
ⓘ
surface form:
Sunni Islam (claimed)
|
| territorialPeakYear | 2014 ⓘ |
| usesTactic |
guerrilla warfare
ⓘ
insurgency ⓘ online recruitment ⓘ propaganda ⓘ terrorism ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Description of subject: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a jihadist militant group and former self-proclaimed caliphate known for its extreme violence, terrorist attacks, and control of territory in Iraq and Syria during the 2010s.
Referenced by (128)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic state
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
subject surface form:
Camp Speicher massacre
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
subject surface form:
Camp Speicher massacre
this entity surface form:
ISIL
subject surface form:
Camp Speicher massacre
this entity surface form:
Daesh
subject surface form:
Camp Speicher massacre
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State insurgency
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (historical period)
this entity surface form:
ISIL
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
ISIL
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
this entity surface form:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant