Potawatomi Trail of Death
E396241
The Potawatomi Trail of Death was an 1838 forced removal march in which over 850 Potawatomi people were driven from Indiana to Kansas, resulting in many deaths from disease, exposure, and hardship.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Potawatomi Trail of Death canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3872283 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Potawatomi Trail of Death Context triple: [Bodéwadmi, notableEvent, Potawatomi Trail of Death]
-
A.
Wounded Knee Creek
Wounded Knee Creek is a stream on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, historically known as the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre of Lakota Sioux.
-
B.
Indian Pass
Indian Pass is a rugged mountain pass in New York’s Adirondack High Peaks region, known for its dramatic cliffs, remote wilderness character, and challenging hiking routes.
-
C.
Marais des Cygnes massacre
The Marais des Cygnes massacre was an 1858 attack in Kansas Territory in which pro-slavery militants executed a group of free-state men, becoming one of the most notorious episodes of violence in the Bleeding Kansas conflict.
-
D.
Sand Creek
Sand Creek is a smaller stream in Michigan that feeds into the Muskegon River within its watershed.
-
E.
Sand Creek
Sand Creek is a watercourse located within Colorado’s Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, flowing near the base of the park’s towering dune fields.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Potawatomi Trail of Death Target entity description: The Potawatomi Trail of Death was an 1838 forced removal march in which over 850 Potawatomi people were driven from Indiana to Kansas, resulting in many deaths from disease, exposure, and hardship.
-
A.
Wounded Knee Creek
Wounded Knee Creek is a stream on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, historically known as the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre of Lakota Sioux.
-
B.
Indian Pass
Indian Pass is a rugged mountain pass in New York’s Adirondack High Peaks region, known for its dramatic cliffs, remote wilderness character, and challenging hiking routes.
-
C.
Marais des Cygnes massacre
The Marais des Cygnes massacre was an 1858 attack in Kansas Territory in which pro-slavery militants executed a group of free-state men, becoming one of the most notorious episodes of violence in the Bleeding Kansas conflict.
-
D.
Sand Creek
Sand Creek is a smaller stream in Michigan that feeds into the Muskegon River within its watershed.
-
E.
Sand Creek
Sand Creek is a watercourse located within Colorado’s Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, flowing near the base of the park’s towering dune fields.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Native American forced relocation
ⓘ
event in United States history ⓘ forced march ⓘ forced removal ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Potawatomi forced removal of 1838 ⓘ |
| cause |
Indian Removal policy of the United States
ⓘ
Treaty of 1836 ⓘ Treaty of 1837 with the United States ⓘ
surface form:
Treaty of 1837
Treaty of 1838 ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath |
disease
ⓘ
exhaustion ⓘ exposure ⓘ starvation ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| distanceTraveled | approximately 660 miles ⓘ |
| endDate | 1838-11-04 ⓘ |
| endsAt | Kansas ⓘ |
| endYear | 1838 ⓘ |
| hasApproximateNumberOfPeople |
approximately 859
ⓘ
over 850 ⓘ |
| hasCommemorativeTrail | Potawatomi Trail of Death Auto Tour ⓘ |
| hasDeparturePoint | Twin Lakes, Indiana ⓘ |
| hasDestination |
Osawatomie area, Kansas
ⓘ
Sugar Creek reservation, Kansas ⓘ |
| hasEthnicGroup |
Potawatomi
ⓘ
surface form:
Potawatomi people
|
| hasHistoricalRecognition | designated as a significant event in Native American history ⓘ |
| hasMemorial |
Trail of Death markers along the route
ⓘ
Trail of Death monument at Rochester, Indiana ⓘ |
| hasPrimaryLeaderAmongPotawatomi | Chief Menominee ⓘ |
| hasRouteThrough |
Illinois
ⓘ
Indiana ⓘ Kansas ⓘ Missouri ⓘ |
| hasVictim |
Potawatomi children
ⓘ
Potawatomi men ⓘ Potawatomi women ⓘ |
| isPartOf |
United States Indian removal era
ⓘ
history of Indiana ⓘ history of Kansas ⓘ history of the Potawatomi people ⓘ |
| ledBy |
Henry Dodge
ⓘ
surface form:
General John Tipton
militia from Indiana ⓘ |
| numberOfDeaths |
approximately 40 to 60
ⓘ
at least 40 ⓘ |
| originatesFrom | Indiana ⓘ |
| precededBy | Potawatomi resistance to removal in Indiana ⓘ |
| startDate | 1838-09-04 ⓘ |
| startYear | 1838 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Potawatomi Trail of Death Description of subject: The Potawatomi Trail of Death was an 1838 forced removal march in which over 850 Potawatomi people were driven from Indiana to Kansas, resulting in many deaths from disease, exposure, and hardship.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.