Hatra
E38526
Hatra is an ancient fortified city in northern Iraq, renowned for its well-preserved blend of Hellenistic and Parthian architecture and its role as a major religious and trading center in the early centuries CE.
Statements (82)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
UNESCO World Heritage Site
→
ancient city → archaeological site → ruined city → |
| abandonedInPeriod |
3rd century CE
→
|
| architecturalFeature |
colonnaded streets
→
temple enclosures → thick defensive walls → towers and bastions → vaulted iwans → |
| area |
approximately 2 km in diameter
→
|
| country |
Iraq
→
|
| culturalSignificance |
evidence of religious syncretism in Mesopotamia
→
example of Parthian art and architecture → |
| damagedBy |
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
→
|
| destroyedBy |
Sasanian Empire
→
Shapur I → |
| destroyedInYear |
241
→
|
| encircledBy |
inner wall
→
moat → outer wall → |
| flourishedInPeriod |
1st century CE
→
2nd century CE → early 3rd century CE → |
| foundedInPeriod |
3rd century BCE
→
|
| governedByTitle |
mry (lord) of Hatra
→
|
| hasStructure |
Great Temple of Hatra
→
city wall with multiple gates → temple of Shamash → |
| heritageDesignation |
UNESCO World Heritage Site
→
|
| heritageStatus |
World Heritage in Danger
→
|
| inscriptionLanguage |
Hatran Aramaic
→
|
| inscriptionType |
dedicatory inscriptions
→
royal inscriptions → |
| knownFor |
Hellenistic architecture
→
Parthian architecture → blend of Hellenistic and Eastern architectural styles → massive defensive walls → religious significance → role as a trading center → temples and sanctuaries → well-preserved ruins → |
| languageUsed |
Aramaic
→
|
| locatedIn |
Al-Jazira region
→
Mesopotamia → Nineveh Governorate → Syrian Desert → ancient Parthian Empire → northern Iraq → |
| locatedNear |
Mosul
→
Tigris River → |
| mainDeityVenerated |
Shamash
→
|
| modernProtectionStatus |
archaeological park
→
|
| otherDeityVenerated |
Allat
→
Atargatis → Greek and Mesopotamian deities → Nergal → |
| partOf |
Parthian cultural sphere
→
Roman–Parthian frontier zone → |
| politicalStatus |
client state of the Parthian Empire
→
semi-independent city-state → |
| regionType |
oasis city
→
|
| religion |
polytheism
→
|
| resistedSiegeBy |
Roman Empire
→
Septimius Severus → Trajan → |
| scriptUsed |
Hatran Aramaic script
→
|
| servedAs |
religious center
→
trading hub → |
| threatenedBy |
armed conflict
→
iconoclasm → looting → |
| timeZone |
UTC+3
→
|
| tradeRouteRole |
link between Roman and Parthian territories
→
node on caravan routes between Mesopotamia and Syria → |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteCriteria |
(ii)
→
(iii) → (iv) → |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteId |
277
→
|
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteInscriptionYear |
1985
→
|
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteRegion |
Arab States
→
|
| WorldHeritageInDangerInscriptionYear |
2015
→
|
Referenced by (1)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Iraq
→
|
UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteWithin |