The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
E363980
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933, refers to the severe monetary and economic collapse at the start of the Great Depression, marked by massive bank failures, deflation, and a sharp decline in output and employment in the United States.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 canonical | 3 |
| The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 (book section) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3505006 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 Context triple: [A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, notableChapter, The Great Contraction, 1929–1933]
-
A.
America’s Great Depression
America’s Great Depression is an influential economic history book by Murray Rothbard that analyzes the causes and policies surrounding the Great Depression from an Austrian School perspective.
-
B.
Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932
"Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932" is an influential econometric study by Jan Tinbergen that analyzes and models U.S. economic fluctuations during the interwar period.
-
C.
"Essays on the Great Depression"
"Essays on the Great Depression" is an influential collection of economic analyses by Gregory Mankiw examining the causes, dynamics, and policy lessons of the Great Depression.
-
D.
Recession of 1937–1938
The Recession of 1937–1938 was a sharp economic downturn in the United States during the New Deal era, marked by renewed declines in industrial production and employment after an initial recovery from the Great Depression.
-
E.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 is a landmark economic study that analyzes the role of monetary policy and money supply in shaping U.S. economic cycles and major events such as the Great Depression.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 Target entity description: The Great Contraction, 1929–1933, refers to the severe monetary and economic collapse at the start of the Great Depression, marked by massive bank failures, deflation, and a sharp decline in output and employment in the United States.
-
A.
America’s Great Depression
America’s Great Depression is an influential economic history book by Murray Rothbard that analyzes the causes and policies surrounding the Great Depression from an Austrian School perspective.
-
B.
Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932
"Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932" is an influential econometric study by Jan Tinbergen that analyzes and models U.S. economic fluctuations during the interwar period.
-
C.
"Essays on the Great Depression"
"Essays on the Great Depression" is an influential collection of economic analyses by Gregory Mankiw examining the causes, dynamics, and policy lessons of the Great Depression.
-
D.
Recession of 1937–1938
The Recession of 1937–1938 was a sharp economic downturn in the United States during the New Deal era, marked by renewed declines in industrial production and employment after an initial recovery from the Great Depression.
-
E.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 is a landmark economic study that analyzes the role of monetary policy and money supply in shaping U.S. economic cycles and major events such as the Great Depression.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
economic crisis
ⓘ
historical period ⓘ monetary contraction ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction | United States economy ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
banking crises
ⓘ
deflationary spiral ⓘ high unemployment ⓘ severe economic contraction ⓘ severe monetary contraction ⓘ sharp decline in output ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| describedIn | A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 ⓘ |
| endTime | 1933 ⓘ |
| fieldOfStudy |
economic history
ⓘ
macroeconomics ⓘ |
| followedBy | economic recovery in the mid-1930s ⓘ |
| hasCause |
banking panics
ⓘ
collapse of aggregate demand ⓘ monetary policy tightening ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
collapse of credit
ⓘ
collapse of international trade involving the United States ⓘ contraction of money supply in the United States ⓘ decline in consumption ⓘ decline in investment ⓘ decline in nominal GDP of the United States ⓘ decline in real GDP of the United States ⓘ deflation in the United States ⓘ falling price level ⓘ increase in real debt burdens ⓘ massive bank failures in the United States ⓘ sharp decline in industrial output ⓘ sharp rise in unemployment in the United States ⓘ wave of bank runs ⓘ widespread bank suspensions ⓘ |
| hasInterpretation | viewed as largely preventable by different monetary policy ⓘ |
| hasKeyEvent |
banking panic of 1930
ⓘ
banking panic of 1931 ⓘ banking panic of early 1933 ⓘ closure of banks during the 1933 banking holiday ⓘ stock market crash of 1929 ⓘ |
| hasPolicyContext |
Federal Reserve monetary policy failures
ⓘ
adherence to the gold standard by the United States ⓘ |
| mainSubjectOf |
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 (book section)
|
| namedBy |
Anna Schwartz
ⓘ
surface form:
Anna J. Schwartz
Milton Friedman ⓘ |
| partOf | Great Depression ⓘ |
| pointInTime | early phase of the Great Depression ⓘ |
| startTime | 1929 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 Description of subject: The Great Contraction, 1929–1933, refers to the severe monetary and economic collapse at the start of the Great Depression, marked by massive bank failures, deflation, and a sharp decline in output and employment in the United States.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960
→
notableChapter
→
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
ⓘ
subject surface form:
Essays on the Great Depression
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
→
mainSubjectOf
→
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933 (book section)