Battle of Thymbra
E346261
The Battle of Thymbra was a decisive 547 BC clash near Sardis in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces crushed King Croesus and effectively ended the independence of the Lydian Kingdom.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Thymbra canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3227027 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Thymbra Context triple: [Lydian Kingdom, fellInBattle, Battle of Thymbra]
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A.
Battle of Orchomenus
The Battle of Orchomenus was a decisive engagement in 86 BC during the First Mithridatic War in which the Roman general Sulla crushed the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus in Greece, securing Roman dominance in the region.
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B.
Battle of Nemea
The Battle of Nemea was a major land engagement in 394 BC during the Corinthian War, in which a Spartan-led army decisively defeated a coalition of Greek city-states including Athens, Corinth, Argos, and Thebes.
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C.
Battle of Haliartus
The Battle of Haliartus was a key land engagement in 395 BC during the Corinthian War, in which Theban and allied forces defeated a Spartan army near the Boeotian city of Haliartus, contributing to the broader challenge to Spartan hegemony in Greece.
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D.
Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
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E.
Battle of Grammos
The Battle of Grammos was a major 1949 military confrontation in the Greek Civil War, where government forces decisively defeated communist guerrillas in the Grammos mountain region, effectively ending the conflict.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Thymbra Target entity description: The Battle of Thymbra was a decisive 547 BC clash near Sardis in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces crushed King Croesus and effectively ended the independence of the Lydian Kingdom.
-
A.
Battle of Orchomenus
The Battle of Orchomenus was a decisive engagement in 86 BC during the First Mithridatic War in which the Roman general Sulla crushed the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus in Greece, securing Roman dominance in the region.
-
B.
Battle of Nemea
The Battle of Nemea was a major land engagement in 394 BC during the Corinthian War, in which a Spartan-led army decisively defeated a coalition of Greek city-states including Athens, Corinth, Argos, and Thebes.
-
C.
Battle of Haliartus
The Battle of Haliartus was a key land engagement in 395 BC during the Corinthian War, in which Theban and allied forces defeated a Spartan army near the Boeotian city of Haliartus, contributing to the broader challenge to Spartan hegemony in Greece.
-
D.
Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
-
E.
Battle of Grammos
The Battle of Grammos was a major 1949 military confrontation in the Greek Civil War, where government forces decisively defeated communist guerrillas in the Grammos mountain region, effectively ending the conflict.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient battle
ⓘ
battle ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Croesus’s downfall
ⓘ
Cyrus the Great’s early campaigns ⓘ |
| belligerentLeader |
Croesus
ⓘ
surface form:
Croesus of Lydia
Cyrus the Great ⓘ
surface form:
Cyrus II of Persia
|
| category |
Battles involving Lydia
ⓘ
Battles involving the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| cause |
Croesus’s opposition to Persian expansion
ⓘ
Cyrus the Great’s campaign against Lydia ⓘ |
| combatant |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Lydian Kingdom ⓘ
surface form:
Kingdom of Lydia
|
| commander |
Croesus
ⓘ
Cyrus the Great ⓘ |
| conflictIn | Lydian–Persian War ⓘ |
| consequence |
Persian control over key trade routes in western Anatolia
ⓘ
integration of Lydian resources into the Persian Empire ⓘ |
| date | 547 BC ⓘ |
| decisiveFor |
collapse of the Lydian Kingdom
ⓘ
rise of Persian dominance in Asia Minor ⓘ |
| era | 6th century BC ⓘ |
| followedBy | Siege of Sardis ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Achaemenid expansion ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Anatolia ⓘ |
| locatedInPresentDay | near modern Sart, Turkey ⓘ |
| militaryTheater | Asia Minor ⓘ |
| notableFor |
turning point in Near Eastern power balance
ⓘ
use of tactical encirclement by Cyrus ⓘ |
| opponentOf |
Croesus
ⓘ
Cyrus the Great ⓘ |
| outcome | Persian capture of Sardis shortly afterward ⓘ |
| partOf |
Lydian–Persian War
ⓘ
surface form:
Achaemenid conquest of Lydia
|
| place |
Lydia
ⓘ
near Sardis ⓘ |
| predecessorEvent | Battle of Pteria ⓘ |
| recordedBy | Herodotus ⓘ |
| result |
Lydia annexed by the Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
decisive Persian victory ⓘ defeat of King Croesus of Lydia ⓘ end of Lydian independence ⓘ |
| strategicSignificance |
opened Asia Minor to Persian control
ⓘ
secured western frontier of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Thymbra Description of subject: The Battle of Thymbra was a decisive 547 BC clash near Sardis in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces crushed King Croesus and effectively ended the independence of the Lydian Kingdom.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.