Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)
E345226
The Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) was a clash during the Roman–Seleucid War in which Roman forces decisively defeated Antiochus III the Great’s army in central Greece, forcing his retreat to Asia Minor.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3283360 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) Context triple: [Antiochus III the Great, battle, Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)]
-
A.
Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
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B.
Battle of Coronea (394 BC)
The Battle of Coronea (394 BC) was a major land engagement in central Greece during the Corinthian War, where Spartan forces under King Agesilaus II fought a coalition of Greek city-states opposing Spartan hegemony.
-
C.
Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War)
The Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War) was a decisive 86 BC engagement in Greece where Roman forces under Lucius Cornelius Sulla crushed the army of Mithridates VI of Pontus, securing Roman dominance in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Amphipolis
The Battle of Amphipolis was a decisive 422 BC clash in the Peloponnesian War in which the Spartan general Brasidas defeated the Athenians but was killed along with Athenian leader Cleon, paving the way for the Peace of Nicias.
-
E.
Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) Target entity description: The Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) was a clash during the Roman–Seleucid War in which Roman forces decisively defeated Antiochus III the Great’s army in central Greece, forcing his retreat to Asia Minor.
-
A.
Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
-
B.
Battle of Coronea (394 BC)
The Battle of Coronea (394 BC) was a major land engagement in central Greece during the Corinthian War, where Spartan forces under King Agesilaus II fought a coalition of Greek city-states opposing Spartan hegemony.
-
C.
Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War)
The Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War) was a decisive 86 BC engagement in Greece where Roman forces under Lucius Cornelius Sulla crushed the army of Mithridates VI of Pontus, securing Roman dominance in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Amphipolis
The Battle of Amphipolis was a decisive 422 BC clash in the Peloponnesian War in which the Spartan general Brasidas defeated the Athenians but was killed along with Athenian leader Cleon, paving the way for the Peace of Nicias.
-
E.
Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
battle
ⓘ
military conflict ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Aetolian League ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Roman Republic
ⓘ
Seleucid Empire ⓘ |
| cause | Roman intervention in Greece against Antiochus III ⓘ |
| chronologicalOrderInWar | early major Roman victory in the Roman–Seleucid War ⓘ |
| combatant |
Roman legion
ⓘ
surface form:
Roman legions
Seleucid royal army ⓘ
surface form:
Seleucid army
|
| commander |
Antiochus III the Great
ⓘ
Manius Acilius Glabrio ⓘ |
| conflict | Roman–Seleucid War ⓘ |
| conflictType | land battle ⓘ |
| date | 191 BC ⓘ |
| era | Hellenistic period ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Battle of Magnesia
ⓘ
Roman invasion of Asia Minor ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
Roman expansion into the eastern Mediterranean
ⓘ
decline of Seleucid influence in Greece ⓘ |
| location |
Thermopylae
ⓘ
central Greece ⓘ |
| militaryConsequence |
loss of Seleucid forces in Greece
ⓘ
opened the way for Roman operations in Asia Minor ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Thermopylae region
ⓘ
surface form:
Thermopylae pass
|
| notableFor |
Roman tactical success against Antiochus III
ⓘ
use of the Thermopylae pass as a defensive position by Antiochus III ⓘ |
| opponent |
Antiochus III the Great
ⓘ
Roman Republic ⓘ |
| outcome | Antiochus III retreated to Asia Minor ⓘ |
| partOf | Roman–Seleucid War ⓘ |
| politicalConsequence |
strengthened Roman influence in Greece
ⓘ
weakened Aetolian League position against Rome ⓘ |
| precededBy | Roman landing in Greece during the Roman–Seleucid War ⓘ |
| primaryOpponentOfRome | Antiochus III the Great ⓘ |
| region |
Fthiotis
ⓘ
surface form:
Phthiotis
|
| result | Roman victory ⓘ |
| RomanCommander | Manius Acilius Glabrio ⓘ |
| SeleucidCommander | Antiochus III the Great ⓘ |
| strategicSignificance |
ended Seleucid attempt to establish power in mainland Greece
ⓘ
forced Antiochus III to retreat from Greece ⓘ |
| theater | Greek theater of the Roman–Seleucid War ⓘ |
| year | 191 BC ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) Description of subject: The Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) was a clash during the Roman–Seleucid War in which Roman forces decisively defeated Antiochus III the Great’s army in central Greece, forcing his retreat to Asia Minor.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.