Philippines v. China (PCA case)

E330622

South China Sea arbitration UNCLOS arbitration international arbitration case law of the sea dispute

Philippines v. China (PCA case) is a landmark 2013–2016 arbitration before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in which the Philippines successfully challenged China’s expansive maritime claims in the South China Sea under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

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All labels observed (10)

Label	Occurrences
South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)	3
2016 South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)	2
2016 South China Sea arbitration award	1
Philippine arbitral case against China (PCA 2016)	1
Philippines v. China	1
Philippines v. China (PCA case no. 2013-19)	1
Philippines v. China (PCA case) canonical	1
Philippines v. China (South China Sea arbitration)	1
Philippines v. China arbitration	1
South China Sea arbitration case (Philippines v. China)	1

Statements (65)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	South China Sea arbitration ⓘ UNCLOS arbitration ⓘ international arbitration case ⓘ law of the sea dispute ⓘ
administeredBy	Permanent Court of Arbitration ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ surface form: Philippines v. China Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ surface form: Philippines v. China arbitration Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ surface form: South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)
awardCharacter	binding ⓘ final ⓘ
category	China and the Philippines ⓘ surface form: Philippines–China relations South China Sea maritime claims ⓘ surface form: South China Sea disputes UNCLOS case law ⓘ cases of the Permanent Court of Arbitration ⓘ
ChinaParticipation	People's Republic of China in diplomatic talks ⓘ surface form: China declined to participate in the arbitration
ChinaPosition	China declared the award null and void ⓘ People's Republic of China in diplomatic talks ⓘ surface form: China rejected the tribunal's jurisdiction
concernsFeature	Cuarteron Reef ⓘ Subi Reef ⓘ surface form: Fiery Cross Reef South Gaven Reef ⓘ surface form: Gaven Reef Hughes Reef ⓘ Johnson South Reef ⓘ surface form: Johnson Reef Scarborough Reef ⓘ surface form: McKennan Reef Mischief Reef ⓘ Scarborough Shoal ⓘ Second Thomas Shoal ⓘ Spratly Islands ⓘ Subi Reef ⓘ Whitsun Reef ⓘ
concernsRegion	South China Sea ⓘ
decisionDate	2016-07-12 ⓘ
endDate	2016-07-12 ⓘ
filedBy	Philippines ⓘ surface form: Republic of the Philippines
impact	clarified interpretation of UNCLOS provisions on maritime features and entitlements ⓘ limited legal effect of historic rights claims beyond UNCLOS maritime zones ⓘ strengthened legal position of Southeast Asian coastal states in the South China Sea ⓘ
initiatedByInstrument	Notification and Statement of Claim ⓘ
initiatingAgent	Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines ⓘ surface form: Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs
jurisdictionDecisionDate	2015-10-29 ⓘ
legalBasis	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ⓘ
meritsDecisionDate	2016-07-12 ⓘ
respondentState	China ⓘ surface form: People's Republic of China
seatCountry	Netherlands ⓘ
seatOfArbitration	The Hague ⓘ
startDate	2013-01-22 ⓘ
subjectMatter	lawfulness of certain Chinese activities in the South China Sea ⓘ legality of the nine-dash line ⓘ maritime entitlements in the South China Sea ⓘ status of maritime features under UNCLOS ⓘ
tribunalFound	People's Republic of China in diplomatic talks ⓘ surface form: China aggravated the dispute during the arbitration China caused severe harm to the marine environment through land reclamation and construction activities ⓘ China constructed artificial islands and installations in the Philippines' exclusive economic zone without consent ⓘ China failed to prevent Chinese fishermen from fishing in the Philippines' exclusive economic zone ⓘ China interfered with Philippine fishing and petroleum exploration ⓘ China violated the Philippines' sovereign rights in its exclusive economic zone ⓘ China's large-scale land reclamation was incompatible with its obligations to preserve and protect the marine environment ⓘ China's nine-dash line claim has no legal basis under UNCLOS ⓘ Mischief Reef is a low-tide elevation within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone ⓘ Scarborough Shoal ⓘ surface form: Scarborough Shoal is a rock that generates only a territorial sea Second Thomas Shoal ⓘ surface form: Second Thomas Shoal is a low-tide elevation within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone many features in the Spratly Islands are low-tide elevations or rocks under UNCLOS ⓘ no feature in the Spratly Islands generates an exclusive economic zone ⓘ
tribunalRuledOn	jurisdiction and admissibility ⓘ merits ⓘ
UNCLOSPartInvoked	Part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ⓘ surface form: Part XV of UNCLOS

Referenced by (13)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Scarborough Shoal → subjectOf → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

Philippine exclusive economic zone → relatedInternationalCase → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Philippines v. China (South China Sea arbitration)

Second Thomas Shoal → associatedWith → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Philippine arbitral case against China (PCA 2016)

Mischief Reef → subjectOf → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)

Subi Reef → subjectOf → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: South China Sea arbitration case (Philippines v. China)

Johnson South Reef → associatedWith → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)

Scarborough Reef → subjectTo → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: 2016 South China Sea arbitration award

Philippines v. China (PCA case) → alsoKnownAs → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Philippines v. China

Philippines v. China (PCA case) → alsoKnownAs → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Philippines v. China arbitration

Philippines v. China (PCA case) → alsoKnownAs → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)

Huangyan Dao → relatedInternationalRuling → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: 2016 South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)

Bajo de Masinloc → subjectOf → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Philippines v. China (PCA case no. 2013-19)

Taiping Island → mentionedIn → Philippines v. China (PCA case) ⓘ

this entity surface form: 2016 South China Sea arbitration (Philippines v. China)