Article XX of GATT 1994
E325831
Article XX of GATT 1994 is the general exceptions clause that allows WTO members to justify trade-restrictive measures that would otherwise violate GATT obligations, provided they meet specified conditions such as necessity and non-discrimination.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article XX of GATT 1994 canonical | 3 |
| Article XX chapeau of GATT 1994 | 1 |
| Article XX of GATT 1947 | 1 |
| Article XX(g) of GATT 1994 | 1 |
| GATT 1994 Article XX(b) | 1 |
| GATT 1994 Article XX(g) | 1 |
| GATT Article XX | 1 |
| GATT Article XX(a) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3012779 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Article XX of GATT 1994 Context triple: [Article III:4, relatedTo, Article XX of GATT 1994]
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A.
Article III of GATT 1994
Article III of GATT 1994 is a core provision of the WTO legal framework that establishes the national treatment obligation, requiring WTO members to treat imported products no less favorably than like domestic products in respect of internal taxation and regulation.
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B.
GATT Article XIX
GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
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C.
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994
The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994, commonly known as the Anti-Dumping Agreement, sets out detailed rules for how World Trade Organization members may investigate and apply measures against dumped imports that cause injury to domestic industries.
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D.
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994
The Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994, commonly known as the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement, sets out rules for determining the customs value of imported goods to ensure fair, uniform, and neutral application of trade regulations.
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E.
Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
The Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, often called the Subsidies Code, was a GATT-era multilateral treaty that clarified and disciplined the use of subsidies and countervailing measures in international trade before the establishment of the WTO.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Article XX of GATT 1994 Target entity description: Article XX of GATT 1994 is the general exceptions clause that allows WTO members to justify trade-restrictive measures that would otherwise violate GATT obligations, provided they meet specified conditions such as necessity and non-discrimination.
-
A.
Article III of GATT 1994
Article III of GATT 1994 is a core provision of the WTO legal framework that establishes the national treatment obligation, requiring WTO members to treat imported products no less favorably than like domestic products in respect of internal taxation and regulation.
-
B.
GATT Article XIX
GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
C.
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994
The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994, commonly known as the Anti-Dumping Agreement, sets out detailed rules for how World Trade Organization members may investigate and apply measures against dumped imports that cause injury to domestic industries.
-
D.
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994
The Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994, commonly known as the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement, sets out rules for determining the customs value of imported goods to ensure fair, uniform, and neutral application of trade regulations.
-
E.
Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
The Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, often called the Subsidies Code, was a GATT-era multilateral treaty that clarified and disciplined the use of subsidies and countervailing measures in international trade before the establishment of the WTO.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
general exceptions clause
ⓘ
treaty provision ⓘ |
| appliesTo | WTO members ⓘ |
| burdenOfProof | on the member invoking the exception ⓘ |
| chapeauRequirement |
no arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail
ⓘ
no disguised restriction on international trade ⓘ |
| condition |
measure must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner consistent with the chapeau
ⓘ
measure must be necessary or related as specified in the relevant paragraph ⓘ |
| contains |
chapeau
ⓘ
paragraph (a) ⓘ paragraph (b) ⓘ paragraph (d) ⓘ paragraph (g) ⓘ paragraph (j) ⓘ |
| doesNotApplyTo |
GATS obligations
ⓘ
TRIPS Agreement obligations ⓘ |
| firstTier | measure must fall under at least one specific paragraph (a)–(j) ⓘ |
| historicalOrigin |
Article XX of GATT 1994
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XX of GATT 1947
|
| interpretationPrinciple | exception provisions are interpreted narrowly but effectively ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
WTO Appellate Body
ⓘ
WTO panels ⓘ |
| legalEffect | can justify violations of GATT obligations if conditions are met ⓘ |
| legalSystem | World Trade Organization law ⓘ |
| modelFor | general exceptions in other WTO agreements ⓘ |
| paragraphA | measures necessary to protect public morals ⓘ |
| paragraphB | measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health ⓘ |
| paragraphD | measures necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations not inconsistent with GATT ⓘ |
| paragraphG | measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption ⓘ |
| paragraphJ | measures essential to the acquisition or distribution of products in general or local short supply ⓘ |
| partOf |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
ⓘ
surface form:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ⓘ |
| policyObjective |
to balance trade liberalization with public interest objectives
ⓘ
to preserve regulatory autonomy of WTO members ⓘ |
| purpose |
to allow justification of otherwise GATT-inconsistent trade measures
ⓘ
to provide general exceptions to GATT 1994 obligations ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
balancing of trade and non-trade values
ⓘ
least trade-restrictive alternative analysis ⓘ necessity test ⓘ |
| requires |
good faith application of the measure
ⓘ
satisfaction of a two-tier legal test ⓘ |
| scope | applies to measures inconsistent with substantive GATT provisions such as Articles I, III, and XI ⓘ |
| secondTier | measure must comply with the chapeau requirements ⓘ |
| textualContinuity | largely identical to Article XX of GATT 1947 ⓘ |
| typicalInvocations |
environmental protection measures
ⓘ
measures to enforce domestic law ⓘ public health measures ⓘ |
| usedIn | WTO dispute settlement ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: Article XX of GATT 1994 Description of subject: Article XX of GATT 1994 is the general exceptions clause that allows WTO members to justify trade-restrictive measures that would otherwise violate GATT obligations, provided they meet specified conditions such as necessity and non-discrimination.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.