AES-GCM
E31669
AES-GCM is an authenticated encryption mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard that provides both data confidentiality and integrity, widely used in modern network and security protocols.
All labels observed (5)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T245106 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: AES-GCM Context triple: [IEEE 802.1AE, uses, AES-GCM]
-
A.
ChaCha20
ChaCha20 is a modern stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used for its high performance and strong security in protocols like TLS.
-
B.
Advanced Encryption Standard
Advanced Encryption Standard is a widely used symmetric block cipher standard that secures digital data in applications ranging from wireless networks to government communications.
-
C.
RC4 stream cipher
The RC4 stream cipher is a once-widely used symmetric key algorithm known for its simplicity and speed in software, but now considered insecure due to multiple discovered vulnerabilities.
-
D.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
E.
IEEE 802.1AE MACsec standard
The IEEE 802.1AE MACsec standard is a network security protocol that provides data confidentiality, integrity, and origin authenticity for Ethernet traffic at the media access control (MAC) layer.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: AES-GCM Target entity description: AES-GCM is an authenticated encryption mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard that provides both data confidentiality and integrity, widely used in modern network and security protocols.
-
A.
ChaCha20
ChaCha20 is a modern stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used for its high performance and strong security in protocols like TLS.
-
B.
Advanced Encryption Standard
Advanced Encryption Standard is a widely used symmetric block cipher standard that secures digital data in applications ranging from wireless networks to government communications.
-
C.
RC4 stream cipher
The RC4 stream cipher is a once-widely used symmetric key algorithm known for its simplicity and speed in software, but now considered insecure due to multiple discovered vulnerabilities.
-
D.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
E.
IEEE 802.1AE MACsec standard
The IEEE 802.1AE MACsec standard is a network security protocol that provides data confidentiality, integrity, and origin authenticity for Ethernet traffic at the media access control (MAC) layer.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
AEAD scheme
ⓘ
authenticated encryption mode ⓘ block cipher mode of operation ⓘ |
| AADDescription | additional authenticated data is integrity-protected but not encrypted ⓘ |
| authenticationOperation | polynomial hash in GF(2^128) ⓘ |
| blockSize | 128-bit ⓘ |
| ciphertextExpansion | authentication tag length ⓘ |
| definedInSection |
NIST SP 800-38D
ⓘ
surface form:
NIST SP 800-38D Section 6
|
| designedFor |
high-speed hardware implementation
ⓘ
high-speed software implementation ⓘ |
| encryptionOperation | AES in counter mode ⓘ |
| fullName |
AES-GCM
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Advanced Encryption Standard Galois/Counter Mode
|
| hasProperty |
parallelizable authentication
ⓘ
parallelizable encryption ⓘ |
| isPreferredOver | AES-CBC-HMAC in many protocols ⓘ |
| isRecommendedBy | IETF for many modern protocols ⓘ |
| isVulnerableTo | catastrophic failure on nonce reuse ⓘ |
| providesProperty |
authenticity
ⓘ
confidentiality ⓘ integrity ⓘ |
| publishedBy |
National Institute of Standards and Technology
ⓘ
surface form:
NIST
|
| recommendedIVLength | 96-bit ⓘ |
| requiresNonceUniqueness | true ⓘ |
| securityDependsOn |
AES block cipher security
ⓘ
nonce uniqueness ⓘ |
| standardizedIn | NIST SP 800-38D ⓘ |
| supportsAAD | true ⓘ |
| supportsKeySize |
128-bit
ⓘ
192-bit ⓘ 256-bit ⓘ |
| supportsTagLength |
104-bit
ⓘ
112-bit ⓘ 120-bit ⓘ 128-bit ⓘ 32-bit ⓘ 64-bit ⓘ 96-bit ⓘ |
| tagComputation | GHASH over ciphertext and AAD ⓘ |
| usedInProtocol |
HTTP/2
ⓘ
IPsec ⓘ QUIC ⓘ SSH ⓘ RFC 5246 ⓘ
surface form:
TLS 1.2
RFC 8446 ⓘ
surface form:
TLS 1.3
|
| usedInStandard |
Wi‑Fi Protected Access
ⓘ
surface form:
IEEE 802.11 wireless security
IEEE 802.1AE MACsec standard ⓘ
surface form:
IEEE 802.1AE MACsec
|
| usesCipher |
Advanced Encryption Standard
ⓘ
surface form:
AES
|
| usesComponent | Galois field multiplication ⓘ |
| usesField | GF(2^128) ⓘ |
| usesMode | counter mode ⓘ |
| usesNonce | initialization vector ⓘ |
| yearStandardized | 2007 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: AES-GCM Description of subject: AES-GCM is an authenticated encryption mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard that provides both data confidentiality and integrity, widely used in modern network and security protocols.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
IEEE 802.1AE
this entity surface form:
Advanced Encryption Standard Galois/Counter Mode
this entity surface form:
Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
this entity surface form:
Galois/Counter Mode
this entity surface form:
Galois/Counter Mode of operation