Gibbs free energy
E309752
Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts the spontaneity of processes and the maximum non-expansion work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gibbs free energy canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2904122 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbs free energy Context triple: [Josiah Willard Gibbs, notableFor, Gibbs free energy]
-
A.
Clausius theorem
The Clausius theorem is a fundamental result in thermodynamics that formalizes the second law by relating the cyclic integral of heat transfer over temperature to entropy, showing that this quantity is always less than or equal to zero for any cyclic process.
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B.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
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C.
Carnot efficiency
Carnot efficiency is the theoretical maximum efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperatures, serving as a fundamental limit in thermodynamics.
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D.
Nernst equation
The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
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E.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbs free energy Target entity description: Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts the spontaneity of processes and the maximum non-expansion work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure.
-
A.
Clausius theorem
The Clausius theorem is a fundamental result in thermodynamics that formalizes the second law by relating the cyclic integral of heat transfer over temperature to entropy, showing that this quantity is always less than or equal to zero for any cyclic process.
-
B.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
-
C.
Carnot efficiency
Carnot efficiency is the theoretical maximum efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperatures, serving as a fundamental limit in thermodynamics.
-
D.
Nernst equation
The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
-
E.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
state function
ⓘ
thermodynamic potential ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Gibbs energy
ⓘ
free enthalpy ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
chemical reactions
ⓘ
electrochemical processes ⓘ mixing processes ⓘ phase transitions ⓘ |
| conjugateVariable | chemical potential μ_i ⓘ |
| definedByEquation | G = H - T S ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
composition
ⓘ
pressure ⓘ temperature ⓘ |
| differentialForm | dG = V dP - S dT + Σ μ_i d n_i ⓘ |
| dimension | energy ⓘ |
| equilibriumCondition | ΔG = 0 ⓘ |
| extensiveOrIntensive | extensive quantity ⓘ |
| field | thermodynamics ⓘ |
| hasTerm |
enthalpy H
ⓘ
entropy S ⓘ temperature T ⓘ |
| historicalDevelopment | formulated in the 19th century ⓘ |
| minimizationPrinciple | G is minimized at equilibrium for closed systems at constant T and P ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Josiah Willard Gibbs ⓘ |
| naturalVariables |
number of moles n_i
ⓘ
pressure P ⓘ temperature T ⓘ |
| nonSpontaneousCriterion | ΔG > 0 for non-spontaneous process at constant T and P ⓘ |
| relatedEquation |
ΔG = - n F E for electrochemical cells
ⓘ
ΔG = ΔG° + R T ln Q ⓘ ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS ⓘ ΔG° = - R T ln K ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Helmholtz free energy
ⓘ
enthalpy ⓘ entropy ⓘ internal energy ⓘ |
| SIUnit | joule ⓘ |
| spontaneityCriterion | ΔG < 0 for spontaneous process at constant T and P ⓘ |
| standardStateDefinition | standard Gibbs free energy change refers to reactants and products in standard states ⓘ |
| standardStateSymbol | ΔG° ⓘ |
| symbol | G ⓘ |
| usedFor |
calculating maximum non-expansion work
ⓘ
determining equilibrium conditions ⓘ predicting spontaneity of processes ⓘ |
| usedIn |
biochemistry
ⓘ
chemical thermodynamics ⓘ electrochemistry ⓘ materials science ⓘ phase equilibrium analysis ⓘ |
| usedUnderConditions | constant temperature and pressure ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gibbs free energy Description of subject: Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts the spontaneity of processes and the maximum non-expansion work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Josiah Willard Gibbs