Middle Passage
E30745
The Middle Passage was the brutal transatlantic sea journey during which enslaved Africans were forcibly transported under horrific conditions to the Americas.
Statements (60)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical event
ⓘ
segment of the Atlantic slave trade ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
brutal treatment
ⓘ
disease outbreaks ⓘ high mortality rates ⓘ malnutrition ⓘ overcrowded conditions ⓘ physical abuse ⓘ psychological trauma ⓘ suicides among captives ⓘ |
| estimatedMortalityRate | between 10 and 20 percent ⓘ |
| estimatedNumberOfVictims | over 10 million enslaved Africans transported ⓘ |
| hasApproximateEndTime | late 19th century ⓘ |
| hasApproximateStartTime | circa 1500 ⓘ |
| hasCause |
European colonial expansion
ⓘ
demand for slave labor in the Americas ⓘ plantation economy ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
demographic transformation of the Americas
ⓘ
devastation of African societies ⓘ forced migration of Africans ⓘ millions of deaths ⓘ |
| hasEndTime | 19th century ⓘ |
| hasLocation |
Atlantic Ocean
ⓘ
Caribbean Sea ⓘ South Atlantic ⓘ
surface form:
South Atlantic Ocean
West Africa ⓘ Americas ⓘ
surface form:
the Americas
|
| hasStartTime | 16th century ⓘ |
| involves |
crew members
ⓘ
enslaved Africans ⓘ plantation owners ⓘ ship captains ⓘ slave ships ⓘ |
| linkedTo |
cotton plantations
ⓘ
plantation slavery in the Americas ⓘ sugar plantations ⓘ tobacco plantations ⓘ |
| opposedBy | abolitionist movements ⓘ |
| originatesFrom |
West Africa
ⓘ
surface form:
West African coast
|
| partOf |
Atlantic slave trade
ⓘ
Atlantic slave trade ⓘ
surface form:
transatlantic slave trade
triangular trade ⓘ |
| rememberedFor |
extreme human suffering
ⓘ
systematic dehumanization ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
African diaspora history
ⓘ
Atlantic world ⓘ
surface form:
Atlantic history
slavery studies ⓘ |
| terminatesAt |
Brazil
ⓘ
British West Indies ⓘ
surface form:
British Caribbean colonies
Caribbean ⓘ French Caribbean ⓘ
surface form:
French Caribbean colonies
North America ⓘ South America ⓘ Spanish America ⓘ
surface form:
Spanish American colonies
|
| usedBy |
British slave traders
ⓘ
Dutch slave traders ⓘ European slave traders ⓘ French slave traders ⓘ Portuguese slave traders ⓘ Spanish slave traders ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.