Legionella bacteria
E305069
Legionella bacteria are waterborne pathogenic microorganisms that can proliferate in plumbing systems and cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Legionella | 1 |
| Legionella bacteria canonical | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2857838 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Legionella bacteria Context triple: [Flint water crisis, mainPollutant, Legionella bacteria]
-
A.
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
-
B.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
-
C.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
D.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
-
E.
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of rod-shaped, often slow-growing bacteria that includes important human pathogens such as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Legionella bacteria Target entity description: Legionella bacteria are waterborne pathogenic microorganisms that can proliferate in plumbing systems and cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia.
-
A.
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
-
B.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
-
C.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
D.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
-
E.
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of rod-shaped, often slow-growing bacteria that includes important human pathogens such as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | bacterial genus ⓘ |
| associatedDisease |
Legionnaires’ disease
ⓘ
Pontiac fever ⓘ |
| cellShape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| class | Gammaproteobacteria ⓘ |
| controlMeasure |
copper-silver ionization
ⓘ
hyperchlorination ⓘ system flushing ⓘ temperature control in hot and cold water systems ⓘ thermal disinfection ⓘ |
| discoveredIn | 1976 ⓘ |
| family | Legionellaceae ⓘ |
| forms | biofilms ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-negative ⓘ |
| habitat |
cooling towers
ⓘ
decorative fountains ⓘ freshwater environments ⓘ hot water systems ⓘ man-made water systems ⓘ plumbing systems ⓘ spa pools ⓘ |
| infectionTargetCell | human alveolar macrophages ⓘ |
| intracellularLifestyle | facultative intracellular pathogen ⓘ |
| killedAtTemperature | >60 °C ⓘ |
| kingdom | Bacteria ⓘ |
| livesWithin | free-living amoebae ⓘ |
| motility | motile ⓘ |
| motilityStructure | flagellum ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Legionnaires’ disease ⓘ |
| notTransmittedBy | person-to-person contact (typical cases) ⓘ |
| optimalGrowthTemperature | 25–45 °C ⓘ |
| order | Legionellales ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | aerobic ⓘ |
| pathogenicTo | humans ⓘ |
| phylum |
Proteobacteria
ⓘ
surface form:
Pseudomonadota
|
| primaryReservoir | environmental water sources ⓘ |
| resistantTo | standard chlorination at low levels ⓘ |
| riskFactorEnvironment |
biofilm accumulation
ⓘ
inadequate water disinfection ⓘ scale and sediment in pipes ⓘ stagnant water ⓘ |
| riskGroupForDisease |
immunocompromised individuals
ⓘ
older adults ⓘ people with chronic lung disease ⓘ smokers ⓘ |
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
| temperaturePreference | warm water ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute |
aspiration of contaminated water
ⓘ
inhalation of contaminated aerosols ⓘ |
| virulenceMechanism | type IV secretion system ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Legionella bacteria Description of subject: Legionella bacteria are waterborne pathogenic microorganisms that can proliferate in plumbing systems and cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Legionella
this entity surface form:
Legionella pneumophila