Proteobacteria

E727687

bacterial phylum

Proteobacteria is a major and highly diverse phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many medically, ecologically, and industrially important species such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form	Occurrences
Pseudomonadota	8

Statements (351)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bacterial phylum ⓘ
cellShape	coccoid ⓘ rod-shaped ⓘ spiral ⓘ
cellWallType	outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide ⓘ
characteristic	high phylogenetic diversity ⓘ includes many ecologically important bacteria ⓘ includes many industrially important bacteria ⓘ includes many medically important bacteria ⓘ
containsClass	Alphaproteobacteria ⓘ Betaproteobacteria NERFINISHED ⓘ Deltaproteobacteria NERFINISHED ⓘ Epsilonproteobacteria NERFINISHED ⓘ Gammaproteobacteria NERFINISHED ⓘ Oligoflexia NERFINISHED ⓘ
discoveredBy	Carl Woese NERFINISHED ⓘ
domain	Bacteria NERFINISHED ⓘ
genomeType	circular double-stranded DNA ⓘ
gramStain	Gram-negative ⓘ
habitat	animal hosts ⓘ freshwater ⓘ marine environments ⓘ plant hosts ⓘ soil ⓘ
includesBioluminescentBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesEndosymbiontsOf	arthropods ⓘ
includesEntericBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesMethanotrophs	yes ⓘ
includesNitrifyingBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesNitrogenFixingBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesPathogensOf	animals ⓘ humans ⓘ plants ⓘ
includesPurpleNonsulfurBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesPurpleSulfurBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesSpecies	Acetobacter aceti NERFINISHED ⓘ Acetobacter aceti NBRC 14818 NERFINISHED ⓘ Acetobacter pasteurianus NERFINISHED ⓘ Acetobacter pasteurianus IFO 3283 NERFINISHED ⓘ Acidithiobacillus caldus NERFINISHED ⓘ Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NERFINISHED ⓘ Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 NERFINISHED ⓘ Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans NERFINISHED ⓘ Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377 NERFINISHED ⓘ Acinetobacter baumannii NERFINISHED ⓘ Acinetobacter johnsonii NERFINISHED ⓘ Acinetobacter lwoffii NERFINISHED ⓘ Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans NERFINISHED ⓘ Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae NERFINISHED ⓘ Actinobacillus suis NERFINISHED ⓘ Aeromonas hydrophila NERFINISHED ⓘ Agrobacterium radiobacter NERFINISHED ⓘ Agrobacterium rhizogenes NERFINISHED ⓘ Agrobacterium tumefaciens NERFINISHED ⓘ Agrobacterium vitis NERFINISHED ⓘ Alcaligenes eutrophus NERFINISHED ⓘ Alcaligenes faecalis NERFINISHED ⓘ Alcanivorax borkumensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Allochromatium vinosum NERFINISHED ⓘ Alteromonas macleodii NERFINISHED ⓘ Anaplasma marginale NERFINISHED ⓘ Anaplasma phagocytophilum NERFINISHED ⓘ Arcobacter butzleri NERFINISHED ⓘ Asticcacaulis excentricus NERFINISHED ⓘ Azoarcus sp. BH72 NERFINISHED ⓘ Azoarcus tolulyticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Azospirillum brasilense NERFINISHED ⓘ Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 NERFINISHED ⓘ Azospirillum lipoferum NERFINISHED ⓘ Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59 NERFINISHED ⓘ Azotobacter vinelandii NERFINISHED ⓘ Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus NERFINISHED ⓘ Bdellovibrio stolpii NERFINISHED ⓘ Beggiatoa alba NERFINISHED ⓘ Beggiatoa sp. NERFINISHED ⓘ Bordetella avium NERFINISHED ⓘ Bordetella bronchiseptica NERFINISHED ⓘ Bordetella hinzii NERFINISHED ⓘ Bordetella parapertussis NERFINISHED ⓘ Bordetella pertussis NERFINISHED ⓘ Bradyrhizobium elkanii NERFINISHED ⓘ Bradyrhizobium japonicum NERFINISHED ⓘ Brucella abortus NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia cenocepacia NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia cepacia NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia mallei NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia pseudomallei NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia thailandensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia vietnamiensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Burkholderia xenovorans NERFINISHED ⓘ Campylobacter coli NERFINISHED ⓘ Campylobacter jejuni NERFINISHED ⓘ Campylobacter lari NERFINISHED ⓘ Caulobacter crescentus NERFINISHED ⓘ Caulobacter henricii NERFINISHED ⓘ Caulobacter segnis NERFINISHED ⓘ Caulobacter vibrioides NERFINISHED ⓘ Chromatium okenii NERFINISHED ⓘ Citrobacter freundii NERFINISHED ⓘ Citrobacter koseri NERFINISHED ⓘ Colwellia psychrerythraea NERFINISHED ⓘ Comamonas acidovorans NERFINISHED ⓘ Comamonas testosteroni NERFINISHED ⓘ Coxiella burnetii NERFINISHED ⓘ Coxiella burnetii RSA 493 ⓘ Cupriavidus metallidurans NERFINISHED ⓘ Cupriavidus necator NERFINISHED ⓘ Desulfobacter postgatei NERFINISHED ⓘ Desulfotalea psychrophila NERFINISHED ⓘ Desulfovibrio vulgaris NERFINISHED ⓘ Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila NERFINISHED ⓘ Ehrlichia canis NERFINISHED ⓘ Ehrlichia chaffeensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Enterobacter aerogenes NERFINISHED ⓘ Enterobacter cloacae NERFINISHED ⓘ Erwinia amylovora NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli B NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli C NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli K-12 NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli O157:H7 NERFINISHED ⓘ Escherichia coli W NERFINISHED ⓘ Francisella tularensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Gallionella capsiferriformans NERFINISHED ⓘ Gallionella ferruginea NERFINISHED ⓘ Geobacter sulfurreducens NERFINISHED ⓘ Gluconobacter oxydans NERFINISHED ⓘ Gluconobacter oxydans 621H NERFINISHED ⓘ Haemophilus ducreyi NERFINISHED ⓘ Haemophilus haemolyticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Haemophilus influenzae NERFINISHED ⓘ Haemophilus parainfluenzae NERFINISHED ⓘ Hahella chejuensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Halorhodospira halophila NERFINISHED ⓘ Helicobacter felis NERFINISHED ⓘ Helicobacter hepaticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Helicobacter mustelae NERFINISHED ⓘ Helicobacter pylori NERFINISHED ⓘ Hydrogenovibrio marinus NERFINISHED ⓘ Hyphomonas neptunium NERFINISHED ⓘ Idiomarina loihiensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Klebsiella oxytoca NERFINISHED ⓘ Klebsiella pneumoniae NERFINISHED ⓘ Lawsonia intracellularis NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella anisa NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella bozemanii NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella dumoffii NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella feeleii NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella jordanis NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella longbeachae NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella micdadei NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella pneumophila NERFINISHED ⓘ Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia-1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Leptothrix cholodnii NERFINISHED ⓘ Leptothrix discophora NERFINISHED ⓘ Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense NERFINISHED ⓘ Magnetospirillum magneticum NERFINISHED ⓘ Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum NERFINISHED ⓘ Mannheimia glucosida NERFINISHED ⓘ Mannheimia haemolytica NERFINISHED ⓘ Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Mesorhizobium ciceri NERFINISHED ⓘ Mesorhizobium loti NERFINISHED ⓘ Mesorhizobium mediterraneum NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylobacterium extorquens NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylobacterium nodulans NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylococcus capsulatus NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylococcus capsulatus Bath NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylocystis parvus NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylocystis parvus OBBP NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylomicrobium album NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylomicrobium album BG8 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylomonas methanica NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylomonas methanica S1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylophaga marina NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylophaga marina DSM 5687 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylophilus methylotrophus NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylosinus trichosporium NERFINISHED ⓘ Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b NERFINISHED ⓘ Moraxella catarrhalis NERFINISHED ⓘ Moraxella osloensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Morganella morganii NERFINISHED ⓘ Myxococcus fulvus NERFINISHED ⓘ Myxococcus xanthus NERFINISHED ⓘ Neisseria gonorrhoeae NERFINISHED ⓘ Neisseria lactamica NERFINISHED ⓘ Neisseria meningitidis NERFINISHED ⓘ Neisseria sicca NERFINISHED ⓘ Neisseria subflava NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitratiruptor tergarcus NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrobacter winogradskyi NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosococcus halophilus NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosococcus halophilus Nc4 ⓘ Nitrosococcus oceani NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC 19707 NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosomonas communis NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosomonas europaea NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosomonas eutropha NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosomonas oligotropha NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosomonas ureae NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosospira briensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosospira multiformis NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196 NERFINISHED ⓘ Nitrosospira tenuis NERFINISHED ⓘ Oceanospirillum linum NERFINISHED ⓘ Pasteurella haemolytica NERFINISHED ⓘ Pasteurella multocida NERFINISHED ⓘ Pasteurella pneumotropica NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1002 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1002.1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1062 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1062.1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC7211 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC7211.1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC8010 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC9022 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique HTCC9565 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique SAR11 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pelagibacter ubique SAR11 clade NERFINISHED ⓘ Photobacterium damselae NERFINISHED ⓘ Photobacterium phosphoreum NERFINISHED ⓘ Photobacterium profundum NERFINISHED ⓘ Proteus mirabilis NERFINISHED ⓘ Proteus vulgaris NERFINISHED ⓘ Providencia rettgeri NERFINISHED ⓘ Providencia stuartii NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas aeruginosa NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas chlororaphis NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas citronellolis NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas denitrificans NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas fluorescens NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas fragi NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas mendocina NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas putida NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas resinovorans NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas stutzeri NERFINISHED ⓘ Pseudomonas syringae NERFINISHED ⓘ Psychromonas ingrahamii NERFINISHED ⓘ Ralstonia pickettii NERFINISHED ⓘ Ralstonia solanacearum NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhizobium etli NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhizobium leguminosarum NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhizobium tropici NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodobacter capsulatus NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodobacter sphaeroides NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodocyclus purpureus NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodocyclus tenuis NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodospirillum centenum NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodospirillum photometricum NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodospirillum rubrum NERFINISHED ⓘ Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Rickettsia africae NERFINISHED ⓘ Rickettsia akari NERFINISHED ⓘ Rickettsia conorii NERFINISHED ⓘ Rickettsia prowazekii NERFINISHED ⓘ Rickettsia rickettsii ⓘ Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith ⓘ Rickettsia typhi NERFINISHED ⓘ Roseobacter denitrificans NERFINISHED ⓘ Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114 NERFINISHED ⓘ Roseobacter litoralis NERFINISHED ⓘ Salmonella Typhi NERFINISHED ⓘ Salmonella enterica NERFINISHED ⓘ Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis NERFINISHED ⓘ Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium NERFINISHED ⓘ Serratia marcescens NERFINISHED ⓘ Shewanella oneidensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Shigella flexneri NERFINISHED ⓘ Sideroxydans lithotrophicus NERFINISHED ⓘ Sideroxydans paludicola NERFINISHED ⓘ Sinorhizobium fredii NERFINISHED ⓘ Sinorhizobium meliloti NERFINISHED ⓘ Sphingomonas paucimobilis NERFINISHED ⓘ Stigmatella aurantiaca NERFINISHED ⓘ Sulfurimonas autotrophica NERFINISHED ⓘ Sulfurimonas denitrificans NERFINISHED ⓘ Sulfurovum lithotrophicum NERFINISHED ⓘ Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 ⓘ Thauera aromatica NERFINISHED ⓘ Thauera mechernichensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Thioalkalivibrio versutus NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiobacillus denitrificans NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiobacillus thioparus NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiocapsa roseopersicina NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiocystis violascens NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiodictyon syntrophicum NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiomargarita namibiensis NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiomicrospira crunogena NERFINISHED ⓘ Thiomicrospira pelophila NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio aestuarianus NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio alginolyticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio anguillarum NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio anguillarum 775 NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio campbellii NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio cholerae NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio cholerae O139 NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio fischeri NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio harveyi NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio natriegens NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio ordalii NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio parahaemolyticus NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio salmonicida NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio splendidus NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio tapetis NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio vulnificus NERFINISHED ⓘ Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 NERFINISHED ⓘ Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster NERFINISHED ⓘ Wolbachia pipientis NERFINISHED ⓘ Wolbachia sp. wMel NERFINISHED ⓘ Wolinella succinogenes NERFINISHED ⓘ Xanthomonas campestris NERFINISHED ⓘ Yersinia enterocolitica NERFINISHED ⓘ Yersinia pestis NERFINISHED ⓘ Yersinia pseudotuberculosis NERFINISHED ⓘ Zymomonas mobilis NERFINISHED ⓘ Zymomonas mobilis ZM1 NERFINISHED ⓘ Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 NERFINISHED ⓘ Zymomonas mobilis ZM6 NERFINISHED ⓘ
includesSulfurOxidizingBacteria	yes ⓘ
includesSymbiontsOf	insects ⓘ plants ⓘ
metabolism	chemolithotrophic ⓘ chemoorganotrophic ⓘ phototrophic ⓘ
motility	flagella ⓘ
namedAfter	Greek god Proteus NERFINISHED ⓘ
outerMembraneComponent	lipopolysaccharide ⓘ
oxygenRequirement	aerobic ⓘ anaerobic ⓘ facultatively anaerobic ⓘ
phylogeneticBasis	16S rRNA gene sequences ⓘ
previousName	purple bacteria and their relatives ⓘ
reproduction	binary fission ⓘ
roleInEcosystem	carbon cycle ⓘ iron cycle ⓘ nitrogen cycle ⓘ sulfur cycle ⓘ
taxonRank	phylum ⓘ
typeSpecies	Escherichia coli NERFINISHED ⓘ
yearProposed	1987 ⓘ

Referenced by (10)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Campylobacterota → reclassifiedFrom → Proteobacteria ⓘ

Rhizobium bacteria → phylum → Proteobacteria ⓘ

subject surface form: Rhizobium