If We Must Die

E301085

"If We Must Die" is a powerful 1919 sonnet by Claude McKay that calls for dignified resistance against racial violence and oppression, and is considered a landmark of Harlem Renaissance literature.

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All labels observed (1)

Label Occurrences
If We Must Die canonical 3

Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf poem
sonnet
addresses racial violence in the United States
associatedWith Black radical tradition
anti-lynching discourse
author Claude McKay
callsFor fighting back against oppressors
organized resistance
centralMessage even in death, oppressed people can assert their humanity
oppressed people should resist violently rather than die passively
countryOfOrigin United States of America
surface form: United States
firstLine If we must die, let it not be like hogs
form Shakespearean sonnet
genre political poetry
protest poetry
historicalContext Red Summer
surface form: Red Summer of 1919
imagery animal imagery
battle imagery
influence African American literature
Harlem Renaissance writers
language English
legacy frequently cited as a classic poem of resistance
used in discussions of civil rights and social justice
literaryDevice alliteration
apostrophe
enjambment
metaphor
literaryMovement Harlem Renaissance
meter iambic pentameter
notableReception considered a landmark of Harlem Renaissance literature
widely anthologized in American literature collections
numberOfLines 14
period early 20th century American literature
perspective collective first-person plural "we"
publicationYear 1919
rhymeScheme ABABCDCDEFEFGG
setting unspecified but reflective of racial conflict in the United States
subject honor
racial injustice
self-defense
theme collective struggle
courage
dignity in death
racial violence
resistance to oppression
tone defiant
resolute
urgent

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Claude McKay notableWork If We Must Die
McKay notableWork If We Must Die
subject surface form: Claude McKay
Harlem Shadows containsPoem If We Must Die