Red Summer

E241126

anti-Black violence historical event racial conflict

Red Summer refers to the wave of intense racial violence and white supremacist attacks against African Americans that swept across numerous U.S. cities and towns during the late spring through early autumn of 1919.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Red Summer of 1919	2
Red Summer canonical	1

Statements (54)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	anti-Black violence ⓘ historical event ⓘ racial conflict ⓘ
hasApproximateDeathToll	hundreds of people killed ⓘ
hasApproximateInjured	thousands of people injured ⓘ
hasCause	Great Migration of African Americans out of the region ⓘ surface form: Great Migration of African Americans competition for jobs and housing ⓘ entrenched Jim Crow racism ⓘ racial tensions after World War I ⓘ white resistance to Black veterans asserting rights ⓘ white supremacist violence ⓘ
hasCoinedBy	James Weldon Johnson ⓘ James Weldon Johnson ⓘ surface form: NAACP leader James Weldon Johnson
hasConsequence	greater national attention to racial violence ⓘ increased NAACP membership ⓘ strengthening of Black civil rights activism ⓘ
hasContext	Great Migration of African Americans out of the region ⓘ surface form: Great Migration era McCarthyism ⓘ surface form: Red Scare era post–World War I demobilization ⓘ
hasEndTime	early autumn 1919 ⓘ
hasLocation	Bisbee, Arizona ⓘ Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America ⓘ surface form: Charleston, South Carolina Chicago ⓘ surface form: Chicago, Illinois Elaine, Arkansas ⓘ Knoxville, Tennessee ⓘ Longview, Texas ⓘ Norfolk, Virginia ⓘ Omaha, Nebraska ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States Washington, D.C. ⓘ over three dozen U.S. cities and counties ⓘ
hasMainVictim	Black Americans ⓘ surface form: African Americans
hasNotableEvent	Bisbee riot of 1919 ⓘ Charleston riot of 1919 ⓘ Chicago Race Riot of 1919 ⓘ surface form: Chicago race riot of 1919 Elaine massacre ⓘ Knoxville riot of 1919 ⓘ Longview race riot ⓘ Norfolk race riot of 1919 ⓘ Omaha race riot of 1919 ⓘ Phillips County racial violence ⓘ Washington, D.C. race riot of 1919 ⓘ
hasOppositionFrom	African American community leaders ⓘ African American newspapers ⓘ surface form: Black press NAACP ⓘ
hasPerpetrator	white mobs ⓘ white supremacists ⓘ
hasStartTime	late spring 1919 ⓘ
hasTimePeriod	1919 ⓘ
hasTypeOfViolence	arson ⓘ lynchings ⓘ mob violence ⓘ murder ⓘ race riots ⓘ

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Chicago Race Riot of 1919 → partOf → Red Summer ⓘ

Eugene Williams → historicalPeriod → Red Summer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Red Summer of 1919

If We Must Die → historicalContext → Red Summer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Red Summer of 1919