Molniya 8K78

E300304
R-7 rocket family member expendable launch system launch vehicle

Molniya 8K78 was a Soviet four-stage derivative of the R-7 rocket family, used primarily in the 1960s to launch deep-space probes such as early Luna and Mars missions.

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All labels observed (3)

Label Occurrences
Molniya 8K78 canonical 2
Molniya launch vehicle 2
Sputnik 8A91 1

Statements (47)

Predicate Object
instanceOf R-7 rocket family member ⓘ
expendable launch system ⓘ
launch vehicle ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Molniya communications satellites ⓘ
surface form: Molniya
configuration four-stage R-7 variant ⓘ
coreStageEngineType RD-107 ⓘ
surface form: RD-108
countryOfOrigin Soviet Union ⓘ
derivedFrom R-7 Semyorka rocket ⓘ
surface form: R-7 Semyorka

Vostok-2 rocket ⓘ
surface form: Vostok 8K72K
designer Sergei Korolev ⓘ
developedFor interplanetary exploration ⓘ
era 1960s ⓘ
familyRole precursor to Molniya-M launch vehicle ⓘ
firstStageEngineType RD-107 ⓘ
fuelCombination LOX/RP-1 ⓘ
generation early R-7 derivative ⓘ
historicalSignificance one of the first dedicated deep-space launchers ⓘ
launchCapability deep-space injection from low Earth orbit ⓘ
launchComplex Baikonur Cosmodrome ⓘ
surface form: Baikonur Site 1/5

Baikonur Cosmodrome ⓘ
surface form: Baikonur Site 31/6
launchesDeepSpaceProbesTo Mars ⓘ
Moon ⓘ
launchSite Baikonur Cosmodrome ⓘ
launchVehicleType medium-lift launch vehicle ⓘ
manufacturer OKB-1 ⓘ
missionProfile injection of payloads into high-energy trajectories ⓘ
notablePayload Luna spacecraft ⓘ
surface form: Luna deep-space probes

early Mars probes ⓘ
numberOfStages 4 ⓘ
operator Soviet space forces ⓘ
program Luna programme ⓘ
surface form: Luna program

Mars program ⓘ
propellantType kerosene ⓘ
liquid oxygen ⓘ
rocketFamily R-7 Semyorka rocket ⓘ
surface form: R-7
status retired ⓘ
successor Molniya-M rocket ⓘ
surface form: Molniya-M
technologyLineage derived from Soviet ICBM technology ⓘ
upperStage Blok I ⓘ
Blok-L ⓘ
surface form: Blok L
usedBy Soviet space program ⓘ
usedFor Mars missions ⓘ
deep-space probe launches ⓘ
highly elliptical orbit missions ⓘ
interplanetary missions ⓘ
lunar missions ⓘ
usedInDecade 1960s ⓘ

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

OKB-1 → developed → Molniya 8K78 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Molniya launch vehicle
Luna program launch vehicles → includesVariant → Molniya 8K78 ⓘ
Luna 8K72 → successor → Molniya 8K78 ⓘ
Semyorka → successorVariant → Molniya 8K78 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Molniya launch vehicle
Sputnik 3 → launchVehicle → Molniya 8K78 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Sputnik 8A91