Bradford Hill criteria
E271792
The Bradford Hill criteria are a set of principles used in epidemiology and public health to assess whether an observed association is likely to be causal.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bradford Hill criteria canonical | 1 |
| Hill criteria | 1 |
| Hill’s criteria for causation | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2504094 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bradford Hill criteria Context triple: [Koch's postulates, relatedConcept, Bradford Hill criteria]
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A.
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates are a set of criteria formulated in the late 19th century to establish a causal relationship between a specific microorganism and a particular disease.
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B.
Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee within the European Medicines Agency
The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee within the European Medicines Agency is an expert body responsible for evaluating and monitoring the safety of medicines across the European Union and providing recommendations on managing and communicating medicine-related risks.
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C.
Farrer hypothesis
The Farrer hypothesis is a theory of New Testament source criticism that proposes the Gospel of Mark was written first, Matthew used Mark, and Luke used both Mark and Matthew, thereby dispensing with the need for a separate Q source.
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D.
Cochrane
Cochrane is a Scottish surname historically associated with notable figures in the British Royal Navy and public life.
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E.
Cochrane
Cochrane is a small town in northeastern Ontario, Canada, known for its railway heritage, cold climate, and as a gateway to the James Bay region.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bradford Hill criteria Target entity description: The Bradford Hill criteria are a set of principles used in epidemiology and public health to assess whether an observed association is likely to be causal.
-
A.
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates are a set of criteria formulated in the late 19th century to establish a causal relationship between a specific microorganism and a particular disease.
-
B.
Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee within the European Medicines Agency
The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee within the European Medicines Agency is an expert body responsible for evaluating and monitoring the safety of medicines across the European Union and providing recommendations on managing and communicating medicine-related risks.
-
C.
Farrer hypothesis
The Farrer hypothesis is a theory of New Testament source criticism that proposes the Gospel of Mark was written first, Matthew used Mark, and Luke used both Mark and Matthew, thereby dispensing with the need for a separate Q source.
-
D.
Cochrane
Cochrane is a Scottish surname historically associated with notable figures in the British Royal Navy and public life.
-
E.
Cochrane
Cochrane is a small town in northeastern Ontario, Canada, known for its railway heritage, cold climate, and as a gateway to the James Bay region.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
causal inference framework
ⓘ
epidemiological concept ⓘ public health methodology ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Bradford Hill criteria
ⓘ
surface form:
Hill criteria
Bradford Hill criteria ⓘ
surface form:
Hill’s criteria for causation
|
| appliesTo |
clinical epidemiology
ⓘ
environmental health studies ⓘ observational epidemiological studies ⓘ occupational epidemiology ⓘ |
| characteristic |
flexible application
ⓘ
heuristic nature ⓘ multi-criteria evaluation ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| developedBy | Austin Bradford Hill ⓘ |
| field |
biostatistics
ⓘ
epidemiology ⓘ public health ⓘ |
| goal |
distinguish causal relationships from non-causal associations
ⓘ
support causal judgments from non-experimental data ⓘ |
| hasComponent |
analogy
ⓘ
biological gradient ⓘ coherence ⓘ consistency ⓘ experiment ⓘ plausibility ⓘ specificity ⓘ strength of association ⓘ temporality ⓘ |
| influenced |
causal inference in medicine
ⓘ
regulatory risk assessment ⓘ toxicology causation assessment ⓘ |
| influencedBy | philosophy of causation ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Austin Bradford Hill ⓘ |
| notEquivalentTo |
formal statistical test
ⓘ
strict necessary and sufficient conditions for causality ⓘ |
| proposedIn | 1965 ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
causal inference
ⓘ
counterfactual causality ⓘ environmental risk assessment ⓘ evidence-based medicine ⓘ risk factor assessment ⓘ |
| use |
assessment of causality
ⓘ
causal inference in epidemiology ⓘ evaluation of causal association ⓘ interpretation of observational studies ⓘ |
| usedBy |
epidemiologists
ⓘ
public health practitioners ⓘ regulatory agencies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bradford Hill criteria Description of subject: The Bradford Hill criteria are a set of principles used in epidemiology and public health to assess whether an observed association is likely to be causal.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Hill criteria
this entity surface form:
Hill’s criteria for causation