Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
E23846
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, requiring warrants to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
Aliases (3)
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
amendment to the United States Constitution
→
constitutional amendment → |
| adoptedOn |
1791-12-15
→
|
| alsoKnownAs |
Amendment IV
→
|
| amendmentNumber |
4
→
|
| appliesTo |
federal government of the United States
→
state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment → |
| authoredBy |
James Madison
→
|
| country |
United States of America
→
|
| definesConcept |
reasonable expectation of privacy
→
|
| enforcedBy |
exclusionary rule
→
fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine → |
| exceptionToWarrantRequirement |
automobile exception
→
consent search → exigent circumstances doctrine → plain view doctrine → search incident to lawful arrest → stop and frisk under reasonable suspicion → |
| hasLanguage |
English
→
|
| influencedBy |
English common law
→
opposition to general warrants → opposition to writs of assistance → |
| interpretedBy |
Supreme Court of the United States
→
|
| jurisdiction |
United States federal and state courts
→
|
| landmarkCase |
Carpenter v. United States
→
Illinois v. Gates → Katz v. United States → Mapp v. Ohio → Terry v. Ohio → United States v. Leon → |
| legalStandard |
probable cause
→
|
| limits |
government surveillance
→
police search powers → |
| locationInDocument |
Article: Amendments, Section: Bill of Rights
→
|
| mainConcept |
privacy rights
→
search and seizure law → warrant requirement → |
| partOf |
United States Bill of Rights
→
United States Constitution → |
| proposedBy |
First United States Congress
→
|
| proposedOn |
1789-09-25
→
|
| protectsRight |
freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
→
right to be secure in persons, houses, papers, and effects → |
| ratifiedOn |
1791-12-15
→
|
| requires |
warrants to be issued upon oath or affirmation
→
warrants to be supported by probable cause → warrants to particularly describe the persons or things to be seized → warrants to particularly describe the place to be searched → |
| shortName |
Fourth Amendment
→
|
| textBeginsWith |
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects"
→
|
Referenced by (15)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Mapp v. Ohio
→
Wolf v. Colorado ("U.S. Const. amend. IV") → |
constitutionalProvision |
|
Griswold v. Connecticut
("Fourth Amendment")
→
Weeks v. United States → |
constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
|
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
("Amendment IV")
→
|
alsoKnownAs |
|
Bill of Rights
→
|
containsAmendment |
|
United States constitutional amendments
→
|
includes |
|
Virginia Declaration of Rights
→
|
influenced |
|
Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
→
|
influencedBy |
|
Wolf v. Colorado
("Fourth Amendment")
→
|
legalIssue |
|
Third Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
|
precedes |
|
First United States Congress
→
|
proposedAmendment |
|
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
|
ratifiedWith |
|
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
→
|
relatedTo |
|
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
("Fourth Amendment")
→
|
shortName |