Frontier Crimes Regulations
E235924
The Frontier Crimes Regulations were a set of colonial-era laws imposed by the British in the tribal areas of present-day Pakistan, notorious for their collective punishment provisions and lack of basic legal rights and due process.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Frontier Crimes Regulation | 5 |
| Frontier Crimes Regulations canonical | 2 |
| Frontier Crimes (Amendment) Regulation 2011 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2121913 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Frontier Crimes Regulations Context triple: [Federally Administered Tribal Areas, governedUnder, Frontier Crimes Regulations]
-
A.
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes is an annex to the Rome Statute that precisely defines the legal elements required to establish each crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
-
B.
Asiatic Barred Zone Act
The Asiatic Barred Zone Act was a U.S. immigration law that severely restricted immigration from much of Asia and the Pacific Islands, reflecting early 20th-century nativist and racist policies.
-
C.
Administration of Justice Act
The Administration of Justice Act was one of the British "Intolerable Acts" of 1774 that altered legal procedures in the American colonies, contributing to rising colonial resentment before the American Revolution.
-
D.
Assam Rifles Act
The Assam Rifles Act is the legislation that governs the constitution, regulation, and functioning of the Assam Rifles, one of India’s oldest paramilitary forces responsible for security and counterinsurgency operations in the Northeast.
-
E.
Indian Act
The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that has long governed and controlled many aspects of First Nations peoples’ lives, including their status, lands, and governance.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Frontier Crimes Regulations Target entity description: The Frontier Crimes Regulations were a set of colonial-era laws imposed by the British in the tribal areas of present-day Pakistan, notorious for their collective punishment provisions and lack of basic legal rights and due process.
-
A.
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes is an annex to the Rome Statute that precisely defines the legal elements required to establish each crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
-
B.
Asiatic Barred Zone Act
The Asiatic Barred Zone Act was a U.S. immigration law that severely restricted immigration from much of Asia and the Pacific Islands, reflecting early 20th-century nativist and racist policies.
-
C.
Administration of Justice Act
The Administration of Justice Act was one of the British "Intolerable Acts" of 1774 that altered legal procedures in the American colonies, contributing to rising colonial resentment before the American Revolution.
-
D.
Assam Rifles Act
The Assam Rifles Act is the legislation that governs the constitution, regulation, and functioning of the Assam Rifles, one of India’s oldest paramilitary forces responsible for security and counterinsurgency operations in the Northeast.
-
E.
Indian Act
The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that has long governed and controlled many aspects of First Nations peoples’ lives, including their status, lands, and governance.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
colonial law
ⓘ
criminal procedure law ⓘ legal code ⓘ |
| appliedIn |
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (historical region)
ⓘ
surface form:
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ⓘ
surface form:
North-West Frontier Province
tribal areas of present-day Pakistan ⓘ |
| country | British India ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
denial of constitutional protections
ⓘ
discrimination against tribal populations ⓘ human rights violations ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
political administration
ⓘ
tribal jirgas under supervision of political agents ⓘ |
| grantsPowerTo |
assistant political agent
ⓘ
political agent ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
collective punishment
ⓘ
curtailed fundamental rights ⓘ detention without normal judicial safeguards ⓘ extensive powers for political agents ⓘ lack of due process ⓘ limited right of appeal ⓘ summary trials ⓘ |
| inspiredBy | British colonial frontier policy ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
civil disputes
ⓘ
criminal matters ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor |
arrest and detention of relatives of suspects
ⓘ
blockade of villages or areas ⓘ collective fines on tribes or clans ⓘ demolition of houses as punishment ⓘ |
| legalStatusAfter2018 | abolished in Pakistan ⓘ |
| legalSystem | special legal regime for tribal areas ⓘ |
| limitsRight |
access to regular courts
ⓘ
right to appeal to higher judiciary ⓘ right to legal representation ⓘ |
| notableProvision |
Section on collective responsibility of tribes
ⓘ
limited review by FCR commissioner ⓘ |
| reformedBy |
Frontier Crimes Regulations
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Frontier Crimes (Amendment) Regulation 2011
|
| regulates |
criminal justice in tribal areas
ⓘ
dispute resolution in tribal areas ⓘ |
| repealedBy |
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
ⓘ
surface form:
25th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ⓘ |
| repealedIn | 2018 ⓘ |
| replacedBy | Constitution and regular laws of Pakistan in former FATA ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
criticism by international human rights organizations
ⓘ
domestic legal challenges in Pakistan ⓘ |
| timePeriod | late 19th century to 2018 in tribal areas ⓘ |
| usesMechanism | jirga system ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
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You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: Frontier Crimes Regulations Description of subject: The Frontier Crimes Regulations were a set of colonial-era laws imposed by the British in the tribal areas of present-day Pakistan, notorious for their collective punishment provisions and lack of basic legal rights and due process.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.