Government of India Act 1919

E2332
Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom constitutional reform

The Government of India Act 1919 was a key constitutional reform by the British that introduced limited self-governance in India through dyarchy in the provinces and expanded Indian participation in legislative councils.

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All labels observed (6)

Label Occurrences
Government of India Act 1919 canonical 29
Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 15
Act of the Central Legislative Assembly 1

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom ⓘ
constitutional reform ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms

Montford Reforms ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction British India ⓘ
basedOnReportBy Edwin Samuel Montagu ⓘ
Lord Chelmsford ⓘ
cameIntoForceInYear 1921 ⓘ
country United Kingdom ⓘ
createdBody bicameral Indian legislature at the centre ⓘ
createdChamber Council of State ⓘ
Legislative Assembly ⓘ
criticizedFor limited scope of Indian self-government ⓘ
retaining extensive powers for the governor and Viceroy ⓘ
definedReservedSubjectsAs subjects administered by the governor and his executive council ⓘ
definedTransferredSubjectsAs subjects administered by ministers responsible to the legislative council ⓘ
enactedBy Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ⓘ
surface form: Parliament of the United Kingdom
expanded Indian representation in legislative councils ⓘ
provincial legislative councils ⓘ
followedAnnouncement August 1917 Montagu Declaration ⓘ
historicalPeriod late British Raj ⓘ
influencedBy Indian nationalist demands for self-government ⓘ
World War I political context ⓘ
introduced direct elections to legislative councils on a limited franchise ⓘ
introducedBy Edwin Samuel Montagu ⓘ
introducedConcept division of provincial subjects into reserved and transferred ⓘ
introducedOffice High Commissioner for India in London ⓘ
introducedSystem dyarchy in the provinces ⓘ
legalStatus repealed ⓘ
limitedFranchiseTo property, tax, and education-based voters ⓘ
limitedPowersOf central legislature ⓘ
providedFor appointment of Indian ministers in provinces ⓘ
separate provincial budgets ⓘ
purpose to increase Indian participation in government ⓘ
to introduce limited self-governance in British India ⓘ
receivedRoyalAssentOn 23 December 1919 ⓘ
region South Asia ⓘ
surface form: Indian subcontinent
requiredReviewBy a statutory commission after 10 years ⓘ
retained communal electorates ⓘ
retainedControlOver defence ⓘ
ecclesiastical affairs ⓘ
foreign affairs ⓘ
political relations with Indian states ⓘ
retainedSupremacyOf British Parliament ⓘ
reviewedBy Simon Commission ⓘ
significance first systematic introduction of dyarchy in any part of the British Empire ⓘ
marked a shift from autocratic to partially responsible government in provinces ⓘ
statedGoal progressive realization of responsible government in India ⓘ
supersededBy Government of India Act 1935 ⓘ

Referenced by (48)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

British India → notableEvent → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Government of India Act 1919 → alsoKnownAs → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Government of India Act 1935 → predecessor → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Montford Reforms → hasPart → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Montford Reforms → follows → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Morley–Minto Reforms
Montford Reforms → alsoKnownAs → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Montford Reforms → basedOn → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Report of 1918
August 1917 Montagu Declaration → influenced → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
August 1917 Montagu Declaration → followedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
August 1917 Montagu Declaration → followedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Simon Commission → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Council of State → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Council of State (British India)
Council of State → createdUnder → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Council of State (British India)
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Legislative Assembly → establishedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Legislative Assembly (British India)
Legislative Assembly → constitutionalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Legislative Assembly (British India)
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Lord Chelmsford → coAuthorOf → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Lord Chelmsford → coAuthorOf → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Lord Chelmsford → knownFor → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
University of Delhi → foundedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Act of the Central Legislative Assembly
Edwin Samuel Montagu → notableWork → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Edwin Samuel Montagu → notableWork → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Legislative Council of the United Provinces → follows → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces → establishedUnder → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Imperial Legislative Council of India → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Imperial Legislative Council of India → significantEvent → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms transition
Indian Councils Act 1861 → replacedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Indian Councils Act 1861 → relatedTo → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
IAS → formedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Indian Administrative Service
Morley–Minto Reforms → followedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Morley–Minto Reforms → followedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Chamber of Princes → establishedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Chamber of Princes → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Chamber of Princes → createdUnder → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Indian Home Rule League → influenced → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Council of State (British India) → establishedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Council of State (British India) → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Government of British India → significantEvent → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Government of British India → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Frederic John Napier Thesiger → notableWork → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
subject surface form: Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Provincial Legislature of the United Provinces → follows → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Legislative Council of Bihar and Orissa → follows → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Indian Councils Act 1909 → followedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Acts of the Central Legislative Assembly of India → hasPart → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
Acts of the Central Legislative Assembly of India → influencedBy → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
British policies in India → legalBasis → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
British policies in India → associatedWith → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
British colonial authorities in India → significantEvent → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ
this entity surface form: Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
British colonial authorities in India → significantEvent → Government of India Act 1919 ⓘ