1921 Tulsa Race Massacre

E201303

historical event pogrom racially motivated massacre white supremacist attack

The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre was a devastating white supremacist attack in which a prosperous Black community in Tulsa’s Greenwood District was destroyed, resulting in widespread death, displacement, and the leveling of “Black Wall Street.”

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
1921 Tulsa Race Massacre canonical	2
Tulsa Race Riot of 1921	2
Tulsa Massacre	1
Tulsa Race Massacre	1
Tulsa race massacre	1
Tulsa race massacre of 1921	1

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	historical event ⓘ pogrom ⓘ racially motivated massacre ⓘ white supremacist attack ⓘ
aftermath	decades of official silence and suppression ⓘ insurance claims by Black property owners largely denied ⓘ internment of Black residents in detention centers ⓘ mass arrests of Black residents ⓘ
aircraftUsed	private planes used to fire on or bomb the district ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ surface form: Tulsa Massacre 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ surface form: Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
businessesDestroyed	hundreds of Black-owned businesses ⓘ
cause	allegation against Dick Rowland ⓘ racial tensions in Tulsa ⓘ white supremacist violence ⓘ
centennialCommemoration	2021 ⓘ
commissionReportYear	2001 ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
destroyed	Black Wall Street ⓘ Black churches in Greenwood ⓘ Black-owned homes in Greenwood ⓘ Greenwood District ⓘ surface form: Greenwood business district
endDate	1921-06-01 ⓘ
estimatedDeaths	at least 36 ⓘ possibly up to 300 ⓘ
historicalSignificance	one of the worst incidents of racial violence in U.S. history ⓘ symbol of destruction of Black prosperity by white supremacist violence ⓘ
homesDestroyed	more than 1,000 ⓘ
investigatedBy	Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 ⓘ
lawEnforcementRole	deputization of white civilians ⓘ disarming of Black residents ⓘ
location	Greenwood District ⓘ Oklahoma ⓘ Tulsa ⓘ
mainVictims	Black Americans ⓘ surface form: African Americans
memorials	Greenwood Cultural Center ⓘ John Hope Franklin Reconciliation Park ⓘ
perpetrators	local law enforcement participants ⓘ white mobs ⓘ
recommendations	reparations for survivors and descendants ⓘ
result	dozens to hundreds of deaths ⓘ large-scale property destruction ⓘ long-term economic devastation of Greenwood ⓘ mass displacement of Black residents ⓘ
startDate	1921-05-31 ⓘ
timePeriod	Jim Crow laws ⓘ surface form: Jim Crow era
triggerEvent	armed confrontation between white mob and Black residents ⓘ arrest of Dick Rowland ⓘ white mob gathering at Tulsa courthouse ⓘ

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States → hasHistoricEvent → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

subject surface form: Tulsa, Oklahoma

Watchmen (TV series) → notableEventDepicted → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tulsa race massacre of 1921

1921 Tulsa Race Massacre → alsoKnownAs → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tulsa Race Riot of 1921

1921 Tulsa Race Massacre → alsoKnownAs → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tulsa Massacre

Greenwood District → knownFor → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

Greenwood District → hasHistoricalEvent → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tulsa Race Massacre

Greenwood District → alsoKnownAs → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

subject surface form: Tulsa Race Massacre

this entity surface form: Tulsa Race Riot of 1921

Tulsa → hasHistoricEvent → 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tulsa race massacre