Adana massacre
E197129
The Adana massacre was a 1909 mass killing of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire that foreshadowed and is often seen as a precursor to the Armenian Genocide.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Adana massacre canonical | 2 |
| Adana pogrom | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1742567 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adana massacre Context triple: [Armenian Genocide, precededBy, Adana massacre]
-
A.
Simele massacre
The Simele massacre was a 1933 atrocity in the Kingdom of Iraq in which Iraqi forces killed thousands of Assyrian civilians, marking one of the first modern genocidal campaigns against the Assyrian people.
-
B.
Hamidian massacres
The Hamidian massacres were large-scale, state-sanctioned killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during the 1890s under Sultan Abdul Hamid II, widely seen as a precursor to the later Armenian Genocide.
-
C.
Hama massacre of 1982
The Hama massacre of 1982 was a brutal and large-scale military crackdown by the Syrian government on an Islamist uprising in the city of Hama, resulting in the deaths of thousands of civilians and widespread destruction.
-
D.
Deir Yassin massacre
The Deir Yassin massacre was a 1948 attack by Zionist paramilitary groups on the Palestinian village of Deir Yassin, in which over 100 civilians were killed and which became a pivotal and highly controversial episode in the Palestinian exodus during the Arab–Israeli War.
-
E.
Račak massacre
The Račak massacre was a 1999 killing of ethnic Albanian civilians in the village of Račak in Kosovo by Serbian security forces, widely seen as a pivotal atrocity that galvanized international support for NATO intervention.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adana massacre Target entity description: The Adana massacre was a 1909 mass killing of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire that foreshadowed and is often seen as a precursor to the Armenian Genocide.
-
A.
Simele massacre
The Simele massacre was a 1933 atrocity in the Kingdom of Iraq in which Iraqi forces killed thousands of Assyrian civilians, marking one of the first modern genocidal campaigns against the Assyrian people.
-
B.
Hamidian massacres
The Hamidian massacres were large-scale, state-sanctioned killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during the 1890s under Sultan Abdul Hamid II, widely seen as a precursor to the later Armenian Genocide.
-
C.
Hama massacre of 1982
The Hama massacre of 1982 was a brutal and large-scale military crackdown by the Syrian government on an Islamist uprising in the city of Hama, resulting in the deaths of thousands of civilians and widespread destruction.
-
D.
Deir Yassin massacre
The Deir Yassin massacre was a 1948 attack by Zionist paramilitary groups on the Palestinian village of Deir Yassin, in which over 100 civilians were killed and which became a pivotal and highly controversial episode in the Palestinian exodus during the Arab–Israeli War.
-
E.
Račak massacre
The Račak massacre was a 1999 killing of ethnic Albanian civilians in the village of Račak in Kosovo by Serbian security forces, widely seen as a pivotal atrocity that galvanized international support for NATO intervention.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
anti-Armenian pogrom
ⓘ
crime against humanity ⓘ mass killing ⓘ massacre ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
1909 Adana massacres
ⓘ
Adana massacre ⓘ
surface form:
Adana pogrom
|
| chronologyWithin | late Ottoman period ⓘ |
| commemoratedBy | Armenian communities worldwide ⓘ |
| country | Ottoman Empire ⓘ |
| describedIn |
Armenian survivor testimonies
ⓘ
missionary accounts ⓘ reports by foreign consuls ⓘ |
| endTime | April 1909 ⓘ |
| ethnicContext | violence against Armenians ⓘ |
| followedBy | Armenian Genocide ⓘ |
| foreshadowed | Armenian Genocide ⓘ |
| hasCause |
anti-Armenian violence
ⓘ
ethno-religious tensions ⓘ political instability in the Ottoman Empire ⓘ reactionary backlash to Young Turk Revolution ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
heightened Armenian insecurity in the Ottoman Empire
ⓘ
international condemnation of Ottoman authorities ⓘ mass displacement of Armenians from Cilicia ⓘ |
| isConsidered | precursor to the Armenian Genocide ⓘ |
| languageOfName | English ⓘ |
| location |
Adana
ⓘ
Adana Vilayet ⓘ Cilicia ⓘ |
| numberOfDeaths |
between 20,000 and 30,000
ⓘ
over 20,000 ⓘ |
| partOf |
history of Adana
ⓘ
history of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire ⓘ history of massacres of Armenians ⓘ persecution of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire ⓘ |
| perpetrator |
Ottoman Muslim mobs
ⓘ
elements of Ottoman security forces ⓘ |
| pointInTime | 1909 ⓘ |
| politicalContext | post-1908 Young Turk Revolution turmoil ⓘ |
| religiousContext | violence against Christians ⓘ |
| significantEvent |
burning of Armenian churches and schools
ⓘ
destruction of Armenian quarters in Adana ⓘ looting of Armenian property ⓘ |
| startTime | April 1909 ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
Middle Eastern history
ⓘ
Ottoman history ⓘ genocide studies ⓘ |
| victim |
Armenians
ⓘ
Assyrians ⓘ other Christians ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Adana massacre Description of subject: The Adana massacre was a 1909 mass killing of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire that foreshadowed and is often seen as a precursor to the Armenian Genocide.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Adana pogrom