Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
E195456
The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Herdonia (210 BC) | 1 |
| Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1761459 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) Context triple: [Battle of Cannae, followedBy, Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)]
-
A.
Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
-
B.
Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
-
C.
Battle of Himara
The Battle of Himara was a World War II engagement in December 1940 during the Greco-Italian War, in which Greek forces captured the coastal town of Himara from Italian troops in southern Albania.
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D.
Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
-
E.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) Target entity description: The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.
-
A.
Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
-
B.
Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
-
C.
Battle of Himara
The Battle of Himara was a World War II engagement in December 1940 during the Greco-Italian War, in which Greek forces captured the coastal town of Himara from Italian troops in southern Albania.
-
D.
Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
-
E.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (37)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
battle
ⓘ
engagement of the Second Punic War ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Carthage
ⓘ
Roman Republic ⓘ |
| combatant |
Carthaginian army
ⓘ
Roman army ⓘ |
| commandedBy |
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
ⓘ
surface form:
Hannibal
|
| conflict | Second Punic War ⓘ |
| conflictType | land battle ⓘ |
| countryAtTime | Roman Republic territory ⓘ |
| date | 212 BC ⓘ |
| era | 3rd century BC ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)
|
| hasCasualties |
heavy Roman casualties
ⓘ
light Carthaginian casualties ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Magna Graecia vicinity ⓘ |
| location |
Apulia
ⓘ
Herdonia ⓘ southern Italy ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Herdonia ⓘ |
| notableFor |
Hannibal’s tactical superiority over Roman forces
ⓘ
ambush and destruction of a Roman field army ⓘ |
| opponentCommander | Roman commander Gnaeus Fulvius Flaccus ⓘ |
| outcome | decisive Carthaginian victory ⓘ |
| partOf |
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
ⓘ
surface form:
Hannibal’s Italian campaign
|
| precededBy | Battle of Cannae ⓘ |
| primarySource | Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita ⓘ |
| result |
Carthaginian victory
ⓘ
Roman army destroyed ⓘ Roman control in Apulia weakened ⓘ Roman influence in southern Italy undermined ⓘ |
| significance |
example of Hannibal’s continued offensive capability after Cannae
ⓘ
major setback for Roman efforts in Apulia ⓘ |
| strategicEffect |
discouraged Roman allies in southern Italy
ⓘ
strengthened Hannibal’s position in Apulia ⓘ |
| theatre | Italian theatre of the Second Punic War ⓘ |
| year | 212 BC ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) Description of subject: The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)