Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions

E17852

Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions were a series of imperial policies that tightly controlled or prohibited private overseas commerce, limiting foreign contact and concentrating seaborne trade in state-sanctioned channels.

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Observed surface forms (3)


Statements (113)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Chinese imperial policy
trade restriction policy
appliesTo Ming dynasty
Qing dynasty
country China
endTime 19th century
hasPart Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions self-linksurface differs
surface form: Canton System

Ming haijin policies
Qing coastal evacuation during the Three Feudatories Rebellion
Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions self-linksurface differs
surface form: Qing haijin policies

Qing penalties for collaboration with coastal pirates
Qing penalties for commoners engaged in unauthorized overseas trade
Qing penalties for officials who allowed illegal maritime trade
Qing penalties for unauthorized construction of large ships
Qing prohibition on Chinese building large ocean-going vessels for private use
Qing prohibition on Chinese going abroad without permission
Qing prohibition on Chinese pilots guiding foreign ships beyond designated channels
Qing prohibition on Chinese purchasing foreign ships
Qing prohibition on Chinese selling ships to foreigners
Qing prohibition on Chinese serving on foreign ships without permission
Qing prohibition on direct official contact between foreign envoys and local officials outside tribute protocol
Qing prohibition on export of advanced weapons by sea
Qing prohibition on export of military-grade gunpowder by sea
Qing prohibition on foreign arms imports without license
Qing prohibition on foreign burial grounds near Canton without permission
Qing prohibition on foreign fortifications near Chinese ports
Qing prohibition on foreign fortifications on the Pearl River islands
Qing prohibition on foreign mapping of Chinese coasts
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants bringing families into China
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants bringing firearms ashore
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants directly petitioning the emperor
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants learning Chinese language
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants proselytizing religion in port areas
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants traveling inland without passes
Qing prohibition on foreign merchants wintering in Canton
Qing prohibition on foreign naval escorts entering the Pearl River
Qing prohibition on foreign printing presses in Canton factories
Qing prohibition on foreign recruitment of Chinese sailors for overseas service
Qing prohibition on foreign religious services outside factory chapels
Qing prohibition on foreign sailors roaming Canton unsupervised
Qing prohibition on foreign ships carrying Chinese passengers without permits
Qing prohibition on foreign ships entering other Chinese ports without special authorization
Qing prohibition on foreign ships sailing beyond the Bocca Tigris without permission
Qing prohibition on foreign ships sailing upriver beyond Whampoa
Qing prohibition on foreign storage depots outside factory compound
Qing prohibition on foreign surveys of the Canton region
Qing prohibition on foreign women entering the factory compound
Qing prohibition on return of overseas Chinese without registration
Qing prohibition on unauthorized coastal trade with Japan
Qing prohibition on unauthorized coastal trade with Southeast Asia
Qing prohibition on unauthorized coastal trade with Taiwan and the Philippines
Qing requirement that coastal communities register boats and crews
Qing requirement that coastal officials patrol for smuggling and piracy
Qing requirement that coastal shipyards register construction with officials
Qing requirement that foreign captains submit manifests and pay duties before unloading
Qing requirement that foreign complaints be channeled through cohong and local officials
Qing requirement that foreign flags be lowered at night in Canton
Qing requirement that foreign merchants deal collectively through their supercargoes
Qing requirement that foreign merchants lodge in designated factories
Qing requirement that foreign merchants reside in factories in Canton
Qing requirement that foreign merchants use Chinese-owned lighters to move cargo to Canton
Qing requirement that foreign ships accept Chinese pilots in coastal waters
Qing requirement that foreign ships anchor at Whampoa near Canton
Qing requirement that foreign ships depart Canton after the trading season
Qing requirement that foreign ships depart China at the end of the trading season
Qing requirement that foreign ships fly national flags and submit to inspection
Qing requirement that foreign ships observe seasonal sailing windows
Qing requirement that foreign ships report cargo and crew to customs officials
Qing requirement that foreign trade be conducted only with cohong merchants
Qing requirement that foreign trade be settled largely in silver
Qing requirement that tribute missions follow prescribed routes and rituals
Qing requirement that tribute trade be conducted at fixed prices set by the court
Qing restrictions on Chinese coastal shipping to prevent smuggling
Qing restrictions on export of copper and other strategic metals
Qing restrictions on export of grain by sea
Qing restrictions on export of saltpeter and sulfur
Qing restrictions on foreign access to inland markets
Qing restrictions on foreign women entering China by sea
Qing restrictions on trade with Russia via maritime routes
Qing restrictions on trade with Taiwan
anti-piracy measures
ban on construction of large seagoing ships
ban on private Chinese trade with Japan during parts of the Ming period
ban on private Chinese trade with Southeast Asia during parts of the Ming period
coastal defense regulations
coastal evacuation policies
cohong merchant system
control of maritime customs
licensing of tribute missions
limitations on foreign residence
limitations on foreign shipping
monopoly of foreign trade by the state
prohibition of Chinese emigration by sea
prohibition on foreign warships entering Chinese ports
regulation of opium imports
regulation of trade with European merchants
regulation of tribute trade with Japan
regulation of tribute trade with Korea
regulation of tribute trade with Ryukyu Kingdom
regulation of tribute trade with Southeast Asia
requirement that foreign trade be conducted through licensed intermediaries
restriction of silver exports
restriction of trade to Canton
restriction of trade to designated ports
restrictions on missionary activity via maritime routes
restrictions on private overseas trade
sea ban edicts
supervision by the Hoppo (customs superintendent)
tribute trade system
mainRegion East Asia
East China Sea
South China Sea
startTime 14th century

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Age of Sail associatedWithEvent Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions
Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions hasPart Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Qing haijin policies
Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions hasPart Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Canton System
Canton notableEvent Ming and Qing Chinese maritime trade restrictions
this entity surface form: Canton System of trade