information loss paradox
E143966
The information loss paradox is a fundamental problem in theoretical physics that questions whether information about matter falling into a black hole is irretrievably destroyed, challenging the principles of quantum mechanics and unitarity.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| information loss paradox canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1250511 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: information loss paradox Context triple: [Hawking radiation, hasEffect, information loss paradox]
-
A.
concept of "it from bit"
The concept of "it from bit" is a philosophical and theoretical physics idea proposing that physical reality ("it") fundamentally arises from informational processes and binary choices ("bits").
-
B.
Shannon entropy
Shannon entropy is a fundamental measure in information theory that quantifies the average uncertainty or information content in a random variable or message source.
-
C.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
D.
Shannon–Khinchin axioms
The Shannon–Khinchin axioms are a set of fundamental conditions that uniquely characterize Shannon entropy as the standard measure of information and uncertainty in probability theory and information theory.
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E.
Rényi entropy
Rényi entropy is a generalized measure of information and uncertainty that extends Shannon entropy by introducing a tunable order parameter to emphasize different aspects of a probability distribution.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: information loss paradox Target entity description: The information loss paradox is a fundamental problem in theoretical physics that questions whether information about matter falling into a black hole is irretrievably destroyed, challenging the principles of quantum mechanics and unitarity.
-
A.
concept of "it from bit"
The concept of "it from bit" is a philosophical and theoretical physics idea proposing that physical reality ("it") fundamentally arises from informational processes and binary choices ("bits").
-
B.
Shannon entropy
Shannon entropy is a fundamental measure in information theory that quantifies the average uncertainty or information content in a random variable or message source.
-
C.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
D.
Shannon–Khinchin axioms
The Shannon–Khinchin axioms are a set of fundamental conditions that uniquely characterize Shannon entropy as the standard measure of information and uncertainty in probability theory and information theory.
-
E.
Rényi entropy
Rényi entropy is a generalized measure of information and uncertainty that extends Shannon entropy by introducing a tunable order parameter to emphasize different aspects of a probability distribution.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
black hole paradox
ⓘ
paradox in theoretical physics ⓘ |
| arisesFrom |
Hawking's calculation of black hole radiation
ⓘ
combining quantum field theory with curved spacetime ⓘ semi-classical treatment of gravity ⓘ |
| challengesPrinciple |
information conservation in quantum theory
ⓘ
unitarity of quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| debatedBy |
Gerard ’t Hooft
ⓘ
surface form:
Gerard 't Hooft
John Preskill ⓘ Leonard Susskind ⓘ |
| describes | apparent destruction of information in black hole evaporation ⓘ |
| field |
black hole physics
ⓘ
quantum gravity ⓘ theoretical physics ⓘ |
| hasProposedResolution |
AdS/CFT unitarity
ⓘ
holographic principle ⓘ
surface form:
black hole complementarity
firewall hypothesis ⓘ information encoded in Hawking radiation ⓘ information escapes during evaporation ⓘ island formula and Page curve recovery ⓘ remnants scenario ⓘ |
| implies |
evolution from pure states to mixed states
ⓘ
non-unitary time evolution ⓘ possible breakdown of quantum mechanics in presence of black holes ⓘ |
| involvesConcept |
AdS/CFT correspondence
ⓘ
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy ⓘ Hawking radiation ⓘ Page curve ⓘ S-matrix ⓘ black hole ⓘ black hole evaporation ⓘ complementarity ⓘ entanglement ⓘ entropy ⓘ event horizon ⓘ firewall ⓘ general relativity ⓘ mixed state ⓘ black hole no-hair theorem ⓘ
surface form:
no-hair theorem
pure state ⓘ quantum information ⓘ quantum mechanics ⓘ unitarity ⓘ unitarity violation ⓘ |
| notableProponent | Stephen Hawking ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
AMPS firewall paradox
ⓘ
black hole information problem ⓘ holographic principle ⓘ no-cloning theorem ⓘ |
| status | unresolved in full theory of quantum gravity ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: information loss paradox Description of subject: The information loss paradox is a fundamental problem in theoretical physics that questions whether information about matter falling into a black hole is irretrievably destroyed, challenging the principles of quantum mechanics and unitarity.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.