Bretton Woods system

E1144
fixed exchange rate regime international monetary system

The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.

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All labels observed (10)

Label Occurrences
Bretton Woods system canonical 9
Bretton Woods Conference 3
Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates 2

Statements (52)

Predicate Object
instanceOf fixed exchange rate regime ⓘ
international monetary system ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Bretton Woods system ⓘ
surface form: Bretton Woods monetary system
appliesToJurisdiction International Monetary Fund member states ⓘ
Japan ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form: United States

Western Europe ⓘ
basedOn US dollar ⓘ
surface form: U.S. dollar

gold convertibility of the U.S. dollar ⓘ
concludedAt Bretton Woods system self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Bretton Woods Conference
countryOfEvent United States of America ⓘ
surface form: United States
creator United States government ⓘ
dissolvedBecauseOf U.S. balance of payments deficits ⓘ
growing dollar overhang ⓘ
suspension of dollar–gold convertibility in 1971 ⓘ
endTime 1971 ⓘ
early 1970s ⓘ
exchangeRateAnchor US dollar ⓘ
surface form: U.S. dollar

gold ⓘ
feature IMF oversight of exchange rate adjustments ⓘ
U.S. dollar convertible into gold at a fixed price ⓘ
capital controls in many member countries ⓘ
par value system for exchange rates ⓘ
followedBy post–Bretton Woods floating exchange rate system ⓘ
goal avoid competitive devaluations ⓘ
facilitate balanced growth of international trade ⓘ
promote international monetary stability ⓘ
goldPrice 35 U.S. dollars per troy ounce of gold ⓘ
hasEffect created a fixed exchange rate regime ⓘ
facilitated postwar reconstruction and trade expansion ⓘ
limited exchange rate flexibility ⓘ
pegged major currencies to the U.S. dollar ⓘ
promoted exchange rate stability ⓘ
hasPart World Bank ⓘ
surface form: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

International Monetary Fund ⓘ
World Bank ⓘ
inception 1944 ⓘ
influencedBy Harry Dexter White ⓘ
John Maynard Keynes ⓘ
legalForm international agreement ⓘ
monetaryPolicyRegime fixed but adjustable exchange rates ⓘ
namedAfter Bretton Woods, New Hampshire ⓘ
participant 44 Allied nations ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form: United States
pointInTime July 1944 ⓘ
replaced interwar competitive devaluation regime ⓘ
interwar gold exchange standard practices ⓘ
significantEvent Bretton Woods system self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Nixon shock
startTime 1944 ⓘ
post–World War II era ⓘ

Referenced by (21)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

US dollar → historicalStandard → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Bretton Woods system → alsoKnownAs → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods monetary system
Bretton Woods system → significantEvent → Bretton Woods system self-linksurface differs ⓘ
this entity surface form: Nixon shock
Bretton Woods system → concludedAt → Bretton Woods system self-linksurface differs ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods Conference
World Bank → foundedAt → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods Conference
John Maynard Keynes → participatedIn → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods Conference
Gold Certificate → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: United States Gold Standard
International Clearing Union → negotiationContext → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods negotiations
European Monetary System → precededBy → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Gold Reserve Act → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Nixon shock → monetarySystemAffected → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Nixon shock → predecessorSystem → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods gold exchange standard
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference → result → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
Pax Americana → economicOrder → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Sterling area → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
United States gold policy → hasHistoricalPhase → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods gold–exchange standard era
Smithsonian Agreement → predecessor → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund → subjectOf → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
Torquay Round of GATT → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Michael D. Bordo → topicOfStudy → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Interim Committee → partOf → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
this entity surface form: Bretton Woods institutional framework