Brutalism
E11042
Brutalism is an architectural style characterized by stark, geometric forms and extensive use of raw concrete, often conveying a monumental and utilitarian aesthetic.
Aliases (2)
Statements (59)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
architectural style
→
modernist architecture movement → |
| designGoal |
functional clarity
→
honest expression of materials → socially oriented architecture → |
| emergedInDecade |
1950s
→
|
| emergedInPeriod |
mid-20th century
→
|
| hasCharacteristic |
emphasis on mass and volume
→
expressed structural elements → minimal ornamentation → monumental aesthetic → repetitive modular elements → rough surface textures → stark geometric forms → use of raw exposed concrete → utilitarian aesthetic → |
| hasEtymology |
derived from French term béton brut meaning raw concrete
→
|
| hasGeographicSpread |
Asia
→
Europe → Latin America → North America → |
| hasMaterial |
brick
→
glass → reinforced concrete → steel → |
| hasNotableExample |
Barbican Estate in London
→
Boston City Hall → Geisel Library at UC San Diego → Habitat 67 in Montreal → National Theatre in London → Robin Hood Gardens in London → Trellick Tower in London → Unité d’Habitation in Marseille → Yale Art and Architecture Building → |
| hasNotableProponent |
Alison Smithson
→
Denys Lasdun → Ernő Goldfinger → Kenzo Tange → Le Corbusier → Marcel Breuer → Paul Rudolph → Peter Smithson → |
| hasPerception |
has been criticized as inhuman or oppressive
→
has been reappraised and appreciated by preservationists → often considered austere or harsh → |
| isAssociatedWith |
cultural institutions
→
government buildings → post-war reconstruction → social housing → university campuses → urban renewal projects → |
| isNamedAfter |
béton brut
→
|
| relatedMovement |
New Brutalism
→
|
| wasInfluencedBy |
International Style
→
Le Corbusier → Modernism → |
| wasProminentIn |
1950s
→
1960s → 1970s → |