2 Esdras
E109285
2 Esdras is an apocalyptic Jewish text, often included in the biblical Apocrypha, that presents visionary revelations and theological reflections on suffering, justice, and the end times.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 2 Esdras canonical | 2 |
| 4 Ezra | 1 |
| Esdras B | 1 |
| Fourth Book of Ezra | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T898900 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2 Esdras Context triple: [Apocrypha (in early editions), containsWork, 2 Esdras]
-
A.
1 Esdras
1 Esdras is a deuterocanonical or apocryphal biblical book, largely paralleling material from 2 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah, and preserved in the Septuagint tradition.
-
B.
Ezra–Nehemiah
Ezra–Nehemiah is a biblical work that narrates the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon, the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple and walls, and the community’s religious and social reforms.
-
C.
1 Enoch
1 Enoch is an ancient Jewish apocalyptic work, attributed to the biblical figure Enoch, that profoundly influenced early Jewish and Christian thought.
-
D.
Book of Daniel
The Book of Daniel is a biblical text combining court tales and apocalyptic visions that portrays the faithfulness of Daniel in exile and offers symbolic prophecies about future kingdoms and divine deliverance.
-
E.
Jubilees
Jubilees is an ancient Jewish religious work from the Second Temple period that retells and expands upon the narratives of Genesis and Exodus, often considered part of the pseudepigrapha.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2 Esdras Target entity description: 2 Esdras is an apocalyptic Jewish text, often included in the biblical Apocrypha, that presents visionary revelations and theological reflections on suffering, justice, and the end times.
-
A.
1 Esdras
1 Esdras is a deuterocanonical or apocryphal biblical book, largely paralleling material from 2 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah, and preserved in the Septuagint tradition.
-
B.
Ezra–Nehemiah
Ezra–Nehemiah is a biblical work that narrates the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon, the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple and walls, and the community’s religious and social reforms.
-
C.
1 Enoch
1 Enoch is an ancient Jewish apocalyptic work, attributed to the biblical figure Enoch, that profoundly influenced early Jewish and Christian thought.
-
D.
Book of Daniel
The Book of Daniel is a biblical text combining court tales and apocalyptic visions that portrays the faithfulness of Daniel in exile and offers symbolic prophecies about future kingdoms and divine deliverance.
-
E.
Jubilees
Jubilees is an ancient Jewish religious work from the Second Temple period that retells and expands upon the narratives of Genesis and Exodus, often considered part of the pseudepigrapha.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
apocalyptic Jewish text
ⓘ
biblical apocryphal book ⓘ pseudepigraphal work ⓘ |
| associatedWithEvent | destruction of the Second Temple ⓘ |
| canonicalStatus |
apocryphal in most Protestant traditions
ⓘ
included in the Apocrypha of the Vulgate ⓘ included in the Ethiopian Orthodox biblical tradition (as Ezra texts) ⓘ included in the Slavonic Bible ⓘ |
| centralTheme |
divine justice
ⓘ
end times ⓘ fate of Israel ⓘ final judgment ⓘ problem of suffering ⓘ resurrection ⓘ theodicy ⓘ |
| contains |
angelic dialogues
ⓘ
revelations about history and the end of the age ⓘ visions of heavenly realities ⓘ |
| dateOfComposition | late 1st century CE ⓘ |
| eschatology |
expectation of a coming messianic age
ⓘ
vision of a renewed world ⓘ |
| genre |
apocalyptic literature
ⓘ
visionary literature ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
2 Esdras
ⓘ
surface form:
4 Ezra
Apocalypse of Ezra ⓘ 2 Esdras ⓘ
surface form:
Esdras B
2 Esdras ⓘ
surface form:
Fourth Book of Ezra
|
| includedIn | many editions of the biblical Apocrypha ⓘ |
| influenceOn |
Christian eschatology
ⓘ
Reformation-era theology ⓘ medieval apocalyptic thought ⓘ |
| language |
Armenian (versions)
ⓘ
Ethiopic (versions) ⓘ Georgian (versions) ⓘ Latin (extant full text) ⓘ Syriac (versions) ⓘ |
| mainCharacter | Ezra ⓘ |
| originalLanguage |
Aramaic (lost or partial)
ⓘ
Hebrew (lost) ⓘ |
| placeOfOrigin | Judea ⓘ |
| questions |
why the righteous suffer
ⓘ
why the wicked prosper ⓘ |
| religiousTradition |
Christianity
ⓘ
Judaism ⓘ |
| setting | post-exilic period (literary setting in Ezra’s time) ⓘ |
| structure |
Latin tradition includes chapters 1–2 (5 Ezra) and 15–16 (6 Ezra)
ⓘ
commonly divided into chapters 3–14 as the Jewish core (4 Ezra) ⓘ |
| transmission | preserved mainly in Latin manuscripts ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: 2 Esdras Description of subject: 2 Esdras is an apocalyptic Jewish text, often included in the biblical Apocrypha, that presents visionary revelations and theological reflections on suffering, justice, and the end times.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Fourth Book of Ezra
this entity surface form:
4 Ezra
this entity surface form:
Esdras B