Triple
T9815288
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | David Garland |
E238387
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Punishment and Welfare
"Punishment and Welfare" is a seminal criminological study by David Garland that analyzes the historical relationship between penal policy and social welfare in modern societies.
|
E823596
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Punishment and Welfare | Statement: [David Garland, notableWork, Punishment and Welfare]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Punishment and Welfare Context triple: [David Garland, notableWork, Punishment and Welfare]
-
A.
Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure
"Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure" is an essay by anarchist writer Emma Goldman that critiques the prison system as inherently unjust and socially destructive.
-
B.
Punishing the Poor
Punishing the Poor is a sociological study by Loïc Wacquant that critiques the rise of punitive welfare and mass incarceration policies as tools for managing poverty and social marginality in neoliberal societies.
-
C.
Punishment Fits the Crime
"Punishment Fits the Crime" is a track from the 1992 album *Brain Drain* by the American punk rock band the Ramones.
-
D.
Penitentiary Philosophy
"Penitentiary Philosophy" is a socially conscious neo-soul track by Erykah Badu from her acclaimed 2000 album *Mama’s Gun*, reflecting on incarceration and systemic injustice.
-
E.
prison–industrial complex
The prison–industrial complex refers to the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to social, economic, and political problems, often for profit and systemic control.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Punishment and Welfare Triple: [David Garland, notableWork, Punishment and Welfare]
Generated description
"Punishment and Welfare" is a seminal criminological study by David Garland that analyzes the historical relationship between penal policy and social welfare in modern societies.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Punishment and Welfare Target entity description: "Punishment and Welfare" is a seminal criminological study by David Garland that analyzes the historical relationship between penal policy and social welfare in modern societies.
-
A.
Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure
"Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure" is an essay by anarchist writer Emma Goldman that critiques the prison system as inherently unjust and socially destructive.
-
B.
Punishing the Poor
Punishing the Poor is a sociological study by Loïc Wacquant that critiques the rise of punitive welfare and mass incarceration policies as tools for managing poverty and social marginality in neoliberal societies.
-
C.
Punishment Fits the Crime
"Punishment Fits the Crime" is a track from the 1992 album *Brain Drain* by the American punk rock band the Ramones.
-
D.
Penitentiary Philosophy
"Penitentiary Philosophy" is a socially conscious neo-soul track by Erykah Badu from her acclaimed 2000 album *Mama’s Gun*, reflecting on incarceration and systemic injustice.
-
E.
prison–industrial complex
The prison–industrial complex refers to the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to social, economic, and political problems, often for profit and systemic control.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca84dfde1481909f47c286d715f892 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cdb2f341648190bf8343e1124085cb |
completed | April 2, 2026, 12:06 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d1cc67db68819093217c9a74e72fbf |
completed | April 5, 2026, 2:43 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d1ccf59c68819082b4aa37e06d2aaf |
completed | April 5, 2026, 2:46 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d1d0d945d48190b56b7fd2ce568a13 |
completed | April 5, 2026, 3:02 a.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:30 p.m.