Triple
T8832168
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Penning trap |
E210170
|
entity |
| Predicate | namedAfter |
P63
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Frans Michel Penning
Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch physicist known for his pioneering work in gas discharges and ionization phenomena, which led to key developments such as the Penning trap and Penning gauge.
|
E779240
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Frans Michel Penning | Statement: [Penning trap, namedAfter, Frans Michel Penning]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frans Michel Penning Context triple: [Penning trap, namedAfter, Frans Michel Penning]
-
A.
Johannes van der Meer
Johannes van der Meer is another name for Johannes Vermeer, the renowned 17th-century Dutch painter celebrated for his masterful use of light and intimate domestic interior scenes.
-
B.
Willem Brakman
Willem Brakman was a Dutch novelist known for his experimental, often surreal prose and significant contribution to postwar Dutch literature.
-
C.
Hendrik van der Meer
Hendrik van der Meer is a person notable enough to be recognized as a bearer of the Dutch surname "van der Meer."
-
D.
Jan van der Meer
Jan van der Meer is a personal name shared by multiple individuals, typically of Dutch origin, rather than a single widely recognized public figure.
-
E.
Johan de Jonge
Johan de Jonge is a person notable enough to be recognized as a distinguished bearer of the surname "de Jonge."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Frans Michel Penning Triple: [Penning trap, namedAfter, Frans Michel Penning]
Generated description
Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch physicist known for his pioneering work in gas discharges and ionization phenomena, which led to key developments such as the Penning trap and Penning gauge.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frans Michel Penning Target entity description: Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch physicist known for his pioneering work in gas discharges and ionization phenomena, which led to key developments such as the Penning trap and Penning gauge.
-
A.
Johannes van der Meer
Johannes van der Meer is another name for Johannes Vermeer, the renowned 17th-century Dutch painter celebrated for his masterful use of light and intimate domestic interior scenes.
-
B.
Willem Brakman
Willem Brakman was a Dutch novelist known for his experimental, often surreal prose and significant contribution to postwar Dutch literature.
-
C.
Hendrik van der Meer
Hendrik van der Meer is a person notable enough to be recognized as a bearer of the Dutch surname "van der Meer."
-
D.
Jan van der Meer
Jan van der Meer is a personal name shared by multiple individuals, typically of Dutch origin, rather than a single widely recognized public figure.
-
E.
Johan de Jonge
Johan de Jonge is a person notable enough to be recognized as a distinguished bearer of the surname "de Jonge."
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca8365b28081909e48e45e95dfc405 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:06 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cc605005788190a4df1fe317f3056a |
completed | April 1, 2026, 12:01 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d02f6e221081909a8a83f2e465b1c2 |
completed | April 3, 2026, 9:21 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d0343054388190949c9b4ec2492aaf |
completed | April 3, 2026, 9:42 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d0347b762c8190913dc347cde6cbb0 |
completed | April 3, 2026, 9:43 p.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:47 p.m.