Penning traps
E210170
Penning traps are devices that use static electric and magnetic fields to confine charged particles with high precision for experiments in areas such as fundamental physics and mass spectrometry.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Penning trap | 2 |
| Penning traps canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1889320 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Penning traps Context triple: [ASACUSA experiment, uses, Penning traps]
-
A.
Antiproton Decelerator
The Antiproton Decelerator is a specialized CERN facility that slows down antiprotons to low energies for precision experiments in antimatter physics.
-
B.
Gigatracker beam spectrometer
The Gigatracker beam spectrometer is a high-precision silicon pixel tracking system used in the NA62 experiment at CERN to measure the momentum and timing of individual particles in the high-intensity kaon beam.
-
C.
Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer
The Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer is a particle-accelerator-based facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory that generates medical and research isotopes for nuclear medicine and scientific applications.
-
D.
Cockcroft–Walton generator
The Cockcroft–Walton generator is a high-voltage power supply circuit that uses a cascade of capacitors and diodes to multiply an input AC voltage, historically important for early particle acceleration experiments.
-
E.
Time Projection Chamber
The Time Projection Chamber is a large gaseous detector used in particle physics experiments to track and identify charged particles in three dimensions with high precision.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Penning traps Target entity description: Penning traps are devices that use static electric and magnetic fields to confine charged particles with high precision for experiments in areas such as fundamental physics and mass spectrometry.
-
A.
Antiproton Decelerator
The Antiproton Decelerator is a specialized CERN facility that slows down antiprotons to low energies for precision experiments in antimatter physics.
-
B.
Gigatracker beam spectrometer
The Gigatracker beam spectrometer is a high-precision silicon pixel tracking system used in the NA62 experiment at CERN to measure the momentum and timing of individual particles in the high-intensity kaon beam.
-
C.
Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer
The Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer is a particle-accelerator-based facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory that generates medical and research isotopes for nuclear medicine and scientific applications.
-
D.
Cockcroft–Walton generator
The Cockcroft–Walton generator is a high-voltage power supply circuit that uses a cascade of capacitors and diodes to multiply an input AC voltage, historically important for early particle acceleration experiments.
-
E.
Time Projection Chamber
The Time Projection Chamber is a large gaseous detector used in particle physics experiments to track and identify charged particles in three dimensions with high precision.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
charged particle trap
ⓘ
ion trap ⓘ scientific instrument ⓘ |
| applicationArea |
astrophysics-related mass measurements
ⓘ
fundamental physics ⓘ high-precision spectroscopy ⓘ measurement of fundamental constants ⓘ nuclear physics ⓘ precision mass spectrometry ⓘ quantum electrodynamics tests ⓘ |
| confinementType | three-dimensional confinement of charged particles ⓘ |
| enablesMeasurement |
atomic mass with high precision
ⓘ
charge-to-mass ratio of particles ⓘ cyclotron frequency of trapped ions ⓘ g-factor of bound electrons ⓘ magnetic moment of particles ⓘ |
| fieldConfiguration |
quadrupole electric potential
ⓘ
strong homogeneous magnetic field along trap axis ⓘ |
| firstDevelopedInDecade | 1950s ⓘ |
| mainComponents |
cryogenic system
ⓘ
endcap electrodes ⓘ radiofrequency and DC power supplies ⓘ ring electrode ⓘ superconducting magnet ⓘ vacuum chamber ⓘ |
| motionTypes |
axial oscillation
ⓘ
magnetron motion ⓘ reduced cyclotron motion ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Frans Michel Penning ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Paul trap
ⓘ
ion cyclotron resonance ⓘ |
| stabilityConditionDependsOn |
electric potential strength
ⓘ
magnetic field strength ⓘ trap geometry ⓘ |
| typicalEnvironment |
cryogenic temperatures
ⓘ
ultra-high vacuum ⓘ |
| typicalParticlesConfined |
antiprotons
ⓘ
electrons ⓘ highly charged ions ⓘ ions ⓘ |
| usedAtFacilityType |
nuclear research facilities
ⓘ
precision metrology laboratories ⓘ radioactive ion beam facilities ⓘ |
| usedInExperimentType |
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
ⓘ
single-particle experiments ⓘ storage of particle ensembles ⓘ time-of-flight ion-cyclotron-resonance measurements ⓘ |
| usesFieldType |
static electric field
ⓘ
static magnetic field ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Penning traps Description of subject: Penning traps are devices that use static electric and magnetic fields to confine charged particles with high precision for experiments in areas such as fundamental physics and mass spectrometry.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Penning trap
this entity surface form:
Penning trap