Triple

T797273
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Leo Szilard E17050 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Szilard–Chalmers effect
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
E94910 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Szilard–Chalmers effect | Statement: [Leo Szilard, knownFor, Szilard–Chalmers effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Szilard–Chalmers effect
Context triple: [Leo Szilard, knownFor, Szilard–Chalmers effect]
  • A. Oppenheimer–Phillips process
    The Oppenheimer–Phillips process is a nuclear reaction mechanism in which a deuteron interacting with a target nucleus effectively transfers its neutron while the proton is repelled, enabling certain reactions to occur at lower energies than would otherwise be required.
  • B. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • C. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • D. Meissner effect
    The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
  • E. Teller–Ulam design
    The Teller–Ulam design is the standard two-stage thermonuclear weapon architecture that enables the immense explosive power of modern hydrogen bombs through radiation-driven compression of a secondary fusion stage.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Szilard–Chalmers effect
Triple: [Leo Szilard, knownFor, Szilard–Chalmers effect]
Generated description
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Szilard–Chalmers effect
Target entity description: The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • A. Oppenheimer–Phillips process
    The Oppenheimer–Phillips process is a nuclear reaction mechanism in which a deuteron interacting with a target nucleus effectively transfers its neutron while the proton is repelled, enabling certain reactions to occur at lower energies than would otherwise be required.
  • B. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • C. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • D. Meissner effect
    The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
  • E. Teller–Ulam design
    The Teller–Ulam design is the standard two-stage thermonuclear weapon architecture that enables the immense explosive power of modern hydrogen bombs through radiation-driven compression of a secondary fusion stage.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49378b9c48190adbf5f62e5b7aca1 completed March 1, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4a7b342888190a344fe81a2c9f33c completed March 1, 2026, 8:55 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a67f01cca881908c1d230048be1225 completed March 3, 2026, 6:26 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a6800b410881909d95ab4c3612b501 completed March 3, 2026, 6:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a680bae34481909255d07f325d97d4 completed March 3, 2026, 6:33 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:38 p.m.