Triple

T7198206
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Federico Capasso E168669 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object quantum cascade laser
A quantum cascade laser is a semiconductor laser that emits in the mid- to far-infrared range using engineered quantum wells to produce photons through intersubband electronic transitions.
 E648274 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: quantum cascade laser | Statement: [Federico Capasso, notableWork, quantum cascade laser]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: quantum cascade laser
Context triple: [Federico Capasso, notableWork, quantum cascade laser]
  • A. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on cutting-edge research in quantum electronics, photonics, and related technologies.
  • B. Mach–Zehnder interferometer
    The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is an optical device that splits and recombines light beams to produce interference patterns, widely used to demonstrate and study fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and wave interference.
  • C. chirped pulse amplification
    Chirped pulse amplification is a laser technique that stretches, amplifies, and then recompresses ultrashort light pulses to achieve extremely high peak powers without damaging optical components.
  • D. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
    The IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on research in quantum electronics, lasers, and photonics.
  • E. Quantum Fiber
    Quantum Fiber is a high-speed fiber-optic internet service brand operated by Lumen Technologies, offering residential and business broadband connectivity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: quantum cascade laser
Triple: [Federico Capasso, notableWork, quantum cascade laser]
Generated description
A quantum cascade laser is a semiconductor laser that emits in the mid- to far-infrared range using engineered quantum wells to produce photons through intersubband electronic transitions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: quantum cascade laser
Target entity description: A quantum cascade laser is a semiconductor laser that emits in the mid- to far-infrared range using engineered quantum wells to produce photons through intersubband electronic transitions.
  • A. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on cutting-edge research in quantum electronics, photonics, and related technologies.
  • B. Mach–Zehnder interferometer
    The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is an optical device that splits and recombines light beams to produce interference patterns, widely used to demonstrate and study fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and wave interference.
  • C. chirped pulse amplification
    Chirped pulse amplification is a laser technique that stretches, amplifies, and then recompresses ultrashort light pulses to achieve extremely high peak powers without damaging optical components.
  • D. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
    The IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on research in quantum electronics, lasers, and photonics.
  • E. Quantum Fiber
    Quantum Fiber is a high-speed fiber-optic internet service brand operated by Lumen Technologies, offering residential and business broadband connectivity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c68a5376748190bb500f03df86e93e completed March 27, 2026, 1:46 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6e92a5d288190955f703470e75bf3 completed March 27, 2026, 8:31 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c7bfa6be648190950f682eaaeb1a18 completed March 28, 2026, 11:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c7c01e84388190858d34a6a047bf63 completed March 28, 2026, 11:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c7c0a9eb0c819080cda73d67e84fe9 completed March 28, 2026, 11:51 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:52 p.m.