Triple

T6938930
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Josephson constant E160623 entity
Predicate usedIn P98 FINISHED
Object Josephson voltage standard
A Josephson voltage standard is a highly precise quantum-based device that uses the Josephson effect in superconducting junctions to generate and maintain an extremely accurate reference voltage for electrical metrology.
 E629521 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Josephson voltage standard | Statement: [Josephson constant, usedIn, Josephson voltage standard]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Josephson voltage standard
Context triple: [Josephson constant, usedIn, Josephson voltage standard]
  • A. Josephson constant
    The Josephson constant is a fundamental physical constant that relates frequency to voltage in superconducting Josephson junctions and underpins the quantum standard of voltage.
  • B. Josephson effect
    The Josephson effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a supercurrent flows between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier, enabling devices like SQUIDs and superconducting qubits.
  • C. Josephson
    Josephson is a surname most notably associated with Brian David Josephson, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist known for discovering the Josephson effect in superconductivity.
  • D. Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors
    The Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors is a theoretical framework that describes how magnetic vortices move and dissipate energy in type-II superconductors under applied currents and fields.
  • E. Electron Pump
    Electron Pump is a fictional advanced energy-transfer device in Isaac Asimov’s novel "The Gods Themselves," enabling the exchange of matter and energy between parallel universes with catastrophic side effects.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Josephson voltage standard
Triple: [Josephson constant, usedIn, Josephson voltage standard]
Generated description
A Josephson voltage standard is a highly precise quantum-based device that uses the Josephson effect in superconducting junctions to generate and maintain an extremely accurate reference voltage for electrical metrology.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Josephson voltage standard
Target entity description: A Josephson voltage standard is a highly precise quantum-based device that uses the Josephson effect in superconducting junctions to generate and maintain an extremely accurate reference voltage for electrical metrology.
  • A. Josephson constant
    The Josephson constant is a fundamental physical constant that relates frequency to voltage in superconducting Josephson junctions and underpins the quantum standard of voltage.
  • B. Josephson effect
    The Josephson effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a supercurrent flows between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier, enabling devices like SQUIDs and superconducting qubits.
  • C. Josephson
    Josephson is a surname most notably associated with Brian David Josephson, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist known for discovering the Josephson effect in superconductivity.
  • D. Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors
    The Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors is a theoretical framework that describes how magnetic vortices move and dissipate energy in type-II superconductors under applied currents and fields.
  • E. Electron Pump
    Electron Pump is a fictional advanced energy-transfer device in Isaac Asimov’s novel "The Gods Themselves," enabling the exchange of matter and energy between parallel universes with catastrophic side effects.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c6884f3db4819080ad65da69386206 completed March 27, 2026, 1:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6da62d2f88190968d3fea538a95c9 completed March 27, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c7515509148190b5739cdf8cd7a28a completed March 28, 2026, 3:56 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c752c9b3d08190960d3c1aa88a93a7 completed March 28, 2026, 4:02 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c7537ea24c819081bb672d43d4a373 completed March 28, 2026, 4:05 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:28 p.m.