Triple

T6604651
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Sam Treiman E149082 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Goldberger–Treiman relation
The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
E601754 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Goldberger–Treiman relation | Statement: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation
Context triple: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
  • A. Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
    The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
  • B. Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
    The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
  • C. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • D. Esaki–Tsu relation
    The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
  • E. Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
    The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation
Triple: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
Generated description
The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation
Target entity description: The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
  • A. Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
    The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
  • B. Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
    The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
  • C. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • D. Esaki–Tsu relation
    The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
  • E. Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
    The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c687eaa7508190bb58ce2aa02039b3 completed March 27, 2026, 1:36 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6af13151c81909b68fa6c77e1c482 completed March 27, 2026, 4:23 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c6cbc8f1308190a4afcf10a5a7105e completed March 27, 2026, 6:26 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c6cd09753c81909df166156ffbf82a completed March 27, 2026, 6:31 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c6ce9ba47c819091496c87117e7a03 completed March 27, 2026, 6:38 p.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 1:56 p.m.