Triple
T6604651
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sam Treiman |
E149082
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Goldberger–Treiman relation
The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
|
E601754
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Goldberger–Treiman relation | Statement: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation Context triple: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
-
A.
Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Esaki–Tsu relation
The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation Triple: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
Generated description
The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation Target entity description: The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
-
A.
Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Esaki–Tsu relation
The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c687eaa7508190bb58ce2aa02039b3 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 1:36 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c6af13151c81909b68fa6c77e1c482 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 4:23 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c6cbc8f1308190a4afcf10a5a7105e |
completed | March 27, 2026, 6:26 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c6cd09753c81909df166156ffbf82a |
completed | March 27, 2026, 6:31 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c6ce9ba47c819091496c87117e7a03 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 6:38 p.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 1:56 p.m.