Goldberger–Treiman relation
E601754
The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Goldberger–Treiman relation canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6604651 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation Context triple: [Sam Treiman, knownFor, Goldberger–Treiman relation]
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A.
Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
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B.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Esaki–Tsu relation
The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldberger–Treiman relation Target entity description: The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
-
A.
Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule
The Drell–Hearn–Gerasimov sum rule is a fundamental relation in quantum field theory and nuclear physics that connects a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment to an energy-weighted integral over its spin-dependent photoabsorption cross sections.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Esaki–Tsu relation
The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical law
ⓘ
relation in particle physics ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
low-energy hadron interactions
ⓘ
pion–nucleon interactions ⓘ |
| approximateAccuracy | few percent in real QCD ⓘ |
| approximateForm | g_A m_N ≈ g_{πNN} F_π ⓘ |
| associatedWithConcept | PCAC NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| associatedWithSymmetry |
chiral symmetry
ⓘ
partially conserved axial current ⓘ |
| category | theoretical result in quantum chromodynamics ⓘ |
| connects |
axial-vector coupling constant of the nucleon
ⓘ
pion decay constant ⓘ pion–nucleon coupling constant ⓘ |
| derivedInFramework | chiral SU(2) × SU(2) symmetry ⓘ |
| derivedUsing |
PCAC hypothesis
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
current algebra ⓘ |
| describes | connection between weak axial properties and strong interactions ⓘ |
| field |
chiral perturbation theory
ⓘ
hadron physics ⓘ nuclear physics ⓘ particle physics ⓘ quantum field theory ⓘ |
| implies | g_{πNN} ≈ g_A m_N / F_π ⓘ |
| involvesInteraction |
strong interaction
ⓘ
weak axial-vector interaction ⓘ |
| involvesParticle |
nucleon
ⓘ
pion NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| predicts | numerical value of g_{πNN} from weak interaction data ⓘ |
| proposedBy |
Marvin L. Goldberger
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sam B. Treiman NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Adler–Weisberger sum rule
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
chiral Ward identities ⓘ |
| relatesQuantity |
F_π
ⓘ
g_A ⓘ g_{πNN} ⓘ nucleon mass ⓘ |
| role |
constrains pion–nucleon coupling constant
ⓘ
tests consistency of chiral symmetry in nucleon sector ⓘ |
| subjectTo | Goldberger–Treiman discrepancy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedIn |
low-energy effective theories of QCD
ⓘ
phenomenological models of nucleon structure ⓘ |
| usesParameter |
axial charge of the nucleon
ⓘ
nucleon mass m_N ≈ 940 MeV ⓘ pion decay constant F_π ≈ 92 MeV ⓘ |
| validInLimit |
chiral limit
ⓘ
zero pion mass limit ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1958 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Goldberger–Treiman relation Description of subject: The Goldberger–Treiman relation is a fundamental result in particle physics that links the strong pion–nucleon coupling constant to the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon and the pion decay constant, illuminating the role of chiral symmetry in low-energy hadron interactions.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.