Triple

T6111187
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Peierls substitution E136242 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Aharonov–Bohm effect in lattices E435846 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Aharonov–Bohm effect in lattices | Statement: [Peierls substitution, relatedTo, Aharonov–Bohm effect in lattices]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Aharonov–Bohm effect in lattices
Context triple: [Peierls substitution, relatedTo, Aharonov–Bohm effect in lattices]
  • A. Aharonov–Bohm effect chosen
    The Aharonov–Bohm effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which charged particles are influenced by electromagnetic potentials in regions where the classical electromagnetic fields are zero, revealing the physical significance of potentials in quantum theory.
  • B. Aharonov–Casher effect
    The Aharonov–Casher effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a neutral particle with a magnetic moment acquires a measurable phase shift when moving around a line of electric charge, illustrating the significance of electromagnetic potentials.
  • C. Peierls substitution
    Peierls substitution is a quantum mechanical method for incorporating the effects of an external electromagnetic field into the momentum of charged particles in lattice or solid-state systems.
  • D. Bloch waves
    Bloch waves are quantum-mechanical wavefunctions that describe particles, such as electrons, propagating through a periodic crystal lattice and form the basis for understanding electronic band structure in solids.
  • E. Shubnikov–de Haas effect
    The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c0089ea6f88190b349be53e04b4f5f completed March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c05bbbbea88190b889a7c30af1d71a completed March 22, 2026, 9:14 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c125631e008190921206b9e355202b completed March 23, 2026, 11:34 a.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:13 p.m.