Triple

T4706375
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ernst Eduard Kummer E104397 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Kummer theory
Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
E463784 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kummer theory | Statement: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer theory
Context triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
  • A. Galois theory
    Galois theory is a branch of abstract algebra that studies field extensions and polynomial equations through the structure of their associated symmetry groups.
  • B. Kronecker–Weber theorem
    The Kronecker–Weber theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic number theory stating that every finite abelian extension of the rational numbers is contained in a cyclotomic field generated by roots of unity.
  • C. cyclotomic fields
    Cyclotomic fields are number fields obtained by adjoining complex roots of unity to the rationals, playing a central role in algebraic number theory and classical geometric constructibility.
  • D. Iwasawa theory
    Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
  • E. Hilbert’s twelfth problem
    Hilbert’s twelfth problem is one of David Hilbert’s famous list of 23 problems, asking for a general explicit class field theory that would generate all abelian extensions of a given number field using special values of analytic functions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kummer theory
Triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
Generated description
Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer theory
Target entity description: Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
  • A. Galois theory
    Galois theory is a branch of abstract algebra that studies field extensions and polynomial equations through the structure of their associated symmetry groups.
  • B. Kronecker–Weber theorem
    The Kronecker–Weber theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic number theory stating that every finite abelian extension of the rational numbers is contained in a cyclotomic field generated by roots of unity.
  • C. cyclotomic fields
    Cyclotomic fields are number fields obtained by adjoining complex roots of unity to the rationals, playing a central role in algebraic number theory and classical geometric constructibility.
  • D. Iwasawa theory
    Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
  • E. Hilbert’s twelfth problem
    Hilbert’s twelfth problem is one of David Hilbert’s famous list of 23 problems, asking for a general explicit class field theory that would generate all abelian extensions of a given number field using special values of analytic functions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd43eac3c08190af7e4020c6c3704c completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd63e9f0b88190820aa7fba2f91b6e completed March 20, 2026, 3:12 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be1067c6a081909fa06689ea66a8a4 completed March 21, 2026, 3:28 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be133c5a8c8190b3c0f066c4ab44a9 completed March 21, 2026, 3:40 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be13cafd1c8190aec0efe6328c25b8 completed March 21, 2026, 3:43 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:17 p.m.