Triple
T4706375
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Ernst Eduard Kummer |
E104397
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Kummer theory
Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
|
E463784
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kummer theory | Statement: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer theory Context triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
-
A.
Galois theory
Galois theory is a branch of abstract algebra that studies field extensions and polynomial equations through the structure of their associated symmetry groups.
-
B.
Kronecker–Weber theorem
The Kronecker–Weber theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic number theory stating that every finite abelian extension of the rational numbers is contained in a cyclotomic field generated by roots of unity.
-
C.
cyclotomic fields
Cyclotomic fields are number fields obtained by adjoining complex roots of unity to the rationals, playing a central role in algebraic number theory and classical geometric constructibility.
-
D.
Iwasawa theory
Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
-
E.
Hilbert’s twelfth problem
Hilbert’s twelfth problem is one of David Hilbert’s famous list of 23 problems, asking for a general explicit class field theory that would generate all abelian extensions of a given number field using special values of analytic functions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kummer theory Triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer theory]
Generated description
Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer theory Target entity description: Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
-
A.
Galois theory
Galois theory is a branch of abstract algebra that studies field extensions and polynomial equations through the structure of their associated symmetry groups.
-
B.
Kronecker–Weber theorem
The Kronecker–Weber theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic number theory stating that every finite abelian extension of the rational numbers is contained in a cyclotomic field generated by roots of unity.
-
C.
cyclotomic fields
Cyclotomic fields are number fields obtained by adjoining complex roots of unity to the rationals, playing a central role in algebraic number theory and classical geometric constructibility.
-
D.
Iwasawa theory
Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
-
E.
Hilbert’s twelfth problem
Hilbert’s twelfth problem is one of David Hilbert’s famous list of 23 problems, asking for a general explicit class field theory that would generate all abelian extensions of a given number field using special values of analytic functions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd43eac3c08190af7e4020c6c3704c |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd63e9f0b88190820aa7fba2f91b6e |
completed | March 20, 2026, 3:12 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be1067c6a081909fa06689ea66a8a4 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 3:28 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be133c5a8c8190b3c0f066c4ab44a9 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 3:40 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be13cafd1c8190aec0efe6328c25b8 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 3:43 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:17 p.m.